Sakurai Takayuki, Shindo Takayuki, Sato Masahiro
Department of Cardiovascular Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
Basic Research Division for Next-Generation Disease Models and Fundamental Technology, Research Center for Next Generation Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano, 390-8621, Japan.
Results Probl Cell Differ. 2017;63:495-510. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-60855-6_21.
Mammalian early embryogenesis is supported by maternal factors, such as messenger RNA (mRNA) and proteins, produced and accumulated during oogenesis at least up to the stage when zygotic activation commences. These maternal factors are involved in biologically important events such as epigenetic activation, reprogramming, and mitochondrial growth. Most of these maternal mRNAs are degraded by the 2-cell to 4 ~ 8-cell stages. Maternal proteins, which are produced during oogenesis or by the maternal mRNAs, are degraded by the 4 ~ 8-cell stage. In other words, the maternal factors exist during specific stages of early embryogenesis. In this chapter, we will briefly summarize the property of these maternal factors and mention possible applications of these factors for developing new reproduction engineering-related technologies and producing genetically modified animals. More specifically, we will show the usefulness of maternally accumulated Cas9 protein as a promising tool for CRISPR-/Cas9-based simultaneous genetic modification of multiple loci in mammals.
哺乳动物早期胚胎发育由母源因子支持，这些母源因子包括信使核糖核酸（mRNA）和蛋白质，它们在卵子发生过程中产生并积累，至少持续到合子激活开始的阶段。这些母源因子参与诸如表观遗传激活、重编程和线粒体生长等生物学上重要的事件。大多数这些母源mRNA在2细胞到48细胞阶段被降解。在卵子发生过程中或由母源mRNA产生的母源蛋白质在48细胞阶段被降解。换句话说，母源因子在早期胚胎发育的特定阶段存在。在本章中，我们将简要总结这些母源因子的特性，并提及这些因子在开发新的生殖工程相关技术和生产转基因动物方面的可能应用。更具体地说，我们将展示母源积累的Cas9蛋白作为一种有前景的工具，用于在哺乳动物中基于CRISPR/Cas9对多个位点进行同时基因编辑的有用性。
