Division of Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Department of Paediatric Allergy, King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Institute of Child Health, University College of London, London, UK.
Clin Exp Allergy. 2017 Oct;47(10):1232-1238. doi: 10.1111/cea.12992. Epub 2017 Sep 15.
The prevalence of peanut allergy has increased over the years and still remains one of the most common causes of food-related anaphylaxis. The way in which peanut sensitization occurs has been explored, such as via maternal consumption in pregnancy, via breastmilk and through a disrupted skin barrier. It has previously been shown that environmental exposure to aeroallergens in household dust can be a risk factor for the development of allergic asthma. There is an increasing body of evidence that the combination of cutaneous sensitization via a disrupted skin barrier (ie children with eczema or with filaggrin mutations) and environmental peanut exposure influences the development of peanut allergy. This review aims to explore routes of peanut sensitization and the current evidence on how environmental exposure to peanut affects the development of peanut allergy.
花生过敏的患病率近年来有所增加，仍然是食物相关过敏反应最常见的原因之一。已经探索了花生致敏的发生方式，例如通过孕妇在怀孕期间食用、通过母乳以及通过受损的皮肤屏障。以前已经表明，家庭灰尘中的空气过敏原的环境暴露可能是过敏性哮喘发展的一个危险因素。越来越多的证据表明，通过受损的皮肤屏障进行皮肤致敏（即患有湿疹或有 filaggrin 突变的儿童）和环境花生暴露的组合会影响花生过敏的发展。本综述旨在探讨花生致敏的途径以及关于环境暴露于花生如何影响花生过敏发展的现有证据。
