Ellison D W, Beal M F, Mazurek M F, Bird E D, Martin J B
Ann Neurol. 1986 Nov;20(5):616-21. doi: 10.1002/ana.410200510.
Concentrations of putative neurotransmitter amino acids were measured in postmortem brains from 10 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 10 controls. Glutamate, aspartate, taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and alanine levels were examined in 9 cortical regions, hippocampus, thalamus, and basal ganglia using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. There were no significant alterations in aspartate, taurine, or alanine levels in any of the regions examined. Widespread significant reductions in cortical GABA concentrations were observed in the Alzheimer's brains, with the largest decreases in the temporal lobe. Overall values for glutamate concentrations in temporal and frontal cortices showed a significant 12% reduction in Alzheimer's brains, but the only individual cortical region showing a significant reduction in glutamate was the inferior temporal gyrus. These results suggest that gamma-aminobutyric acidergic neurons in Alzheimer's cerebral cortex may be selectively vulnerable to the disease process.
在10例阿尔茨海默病患者和10例对照者的死后大脑中测量了假定神经递质氨基酸的浓度。使用高效液相色谱-电化学检测法，在9个皮质区域、海马体、丘脑和基底神经节中检测了谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、牛磺酸、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）和丙氨酸的水平。在所检查的任何区域中，天冬氨酸、牛磺酸或丙氨酸水平均无显著变化。在阿尔茨海默病患者的大脑中观察到皮质GABA浓度普遍显著降低，颞叶降低幅度最大。颞叶和额叶皮质中谷氨酸浓度的总体值在阿尔茨海默病患者的大脑中显著降低了12%，但唯一显示谷氨酸显著降低的单个皮质区域是颞下回。这些结果表明，阿尔茨海默病大脑皮质中的γ-氨基丁酸能神经元可能对疾病进程具有选择性易损性。
