Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden.
Nutrients. 2022 Mar 18;14(6):1292. doi: 10.3390/nu14061292.
Obesity, type 2 diabetes, and their associated comorbidities impact brain metabolism and function and constitute risk factors for cognitive impairment. Alterations to taurine homeostasis can impact a number of biological processes, such as osmolarity control, calcium homeostasis, and inhibitory neurotransmission, and have been reported in both metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders. Models of neurodegenerative disorders show reduced brain taurine concentrations. On the other hand, models of insulin-dependent diabetes, insulin resistance, and diet-induced obesity display taurine accumulation in the hippocampus. Given the possible cytoprotective actions of taurine, such cerebral accumulation of taurine might constitute a compensatory mechanism that attempts to prevent neurodegeneration. The present article provides an overview of brain taurine homeostasis and reviews the mechanisms by which taurine can afford neuroprotection in individuals with obesity and diabetes. We conclude that further research is needed for understanding taurine homeostasis in metabolic disorders with an impact on brain function.
肥胖、2 型糖尿病及其相关并发症会影响大脑代谢和功能，并且是认知障碍的危险因素。牛磺酸动态平衡的改变会影响许多生物过程，如渗透压控制、钙离子稳态和抑制性神经传递，在代谢和神经退行性疾病中均有报道。神经退行性疾病模型显示大脑牛磺酸浓度降低。另一方面，胰岛素依赖型糖尿病、胰岛素抵抗和饮食诱导肥胖的模型显示，牛磺酸在海马中积累。鉴于牛磺酸可能具有细胞保护作用，因此大脑中牛磺酸的这种积累可能构成一种代偿机制，试图防止神经退行性变。本文概述了大脑牛磺酸动态平衡，并回顾了牛磺酸在肥胖和糖尿病个体中提供神经保护的机制。我们得出结论，需要进一步研究代谢紊乱对大脑功能的影响与牛磺酸动态平衡之间的关系。
