Blischke Klaus, Malangré Andreas
Laboratory of Training Science, Department of Sport Science, Training Science, Saarland UniversitySaarbrüecken, Germany.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2017 Jul 25;11:374. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00374. eCollection 2017.
Recently, a number of authors have advocated the introduction of gross motor tasks into research on sleep-related motor offline learning. Such tasks are often designed to be more complex than traditional key-pressing tasks. However, until now, little effort has been undertaken to scrutinize the role of task complexity in any systematic way. Therefore, the effect of task complexity on the consolidation of gross motor sequence memory was examined by our group in a series of three experiments. Criterion tasks always required participants to produce unrestrained arm movement sequences by successively fitting a small peg into target holes on a pegboard. The sequences always followed a certain spatial pattern in the horizontal plane. The targets were visualized prior to each transport movement on a computer screen. The tasks differed with respect to sequence length and structural complexity. In each experiment, half of the participants initially learned the task in the morning and were retested 12 h later following a wake retention interval. The other half of the subjects underwent practice in the evening and was retested 12 h later following a night of sleep. The dependent variables were the error rate and total sequence execution time (inverse to the sequence execution speed). Performance generally improved during acquisition. The error rate was always low and remained stable during retention. The sequence execution time significantly decreased again following sleep but not after waking when the sequence length was long and structural complexity was high. However, sleep-related offline improvements were absent when the sequence length was short or when subjects performed a highly regular movement pattern. It is assumed that the occurrence of sleep-related offline performance improvements in sequential motor tasks is associated with a sufficient amount of motor task complexity.
最近，一些作者主张将大肌肉运动任务引入与睡眠相关的运动离线学习研究中。此类任务通常设计得比传统的按键任务更为复杂。然而，到目前为止，几乎没有人以任何系统的方式仔细研究任务复杂性的作用。因此，我们小组通过一系列三个实验研究了任务复杂性对大肌肉运动序列记忆巩固的影响。标准任务总是要求参与者通过依次将一个小钉子插入钉板上的目标孔来产生无限制的手臂运动序列。这些序列在水平面上总是遵循一定的空间模式。在每次运输运动之前，目标会在电脑屏幕上显示出来。这些任务在序列长度和结构复杂性方面有所不同。在每个实验中，一半的参与者最初在早上学习任务，并在清醒保持间隔12小时后重新测试。另一半受试者在晚上进行练习，并在睡了一晚后12小时后重新测试。因变量是错误率和总序列执行时间（与序列执行速度成反比）。在习得过程中，表现通常会有所提高。错误率始终很低，并且在保持期间保持稳定。当序列长度长且结构复杂性高时，睡眠后序列执行时间再次显著缩短，但清醒后没有。然而，当序列长度短或受试者执行高度规则的运动模式时，与睡眠相关的离线改善不存在。据推测，在连续运动任务中与睡眠相关的离线表现改善的出现与足够量的运动任务复杂性有关。
