Laboratory for Sleep, Cognition and Consciousness Research, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.
J Sleep Res. 2015 Feb;24(1):100-9. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12207. Epub 2014 Sep 25.
Diurnal sleep effects on consolidation of a complex, ecological valid gross motor adaptation task were examined using a bicycle with an inverse steering device. We tested 24 male subjects aged between 20 and 29 years using a between-subjects design. Participants were trained to adapt to the inverse steering bicycle during 45 min. Performance was tested before (TEST1) and after (TEST2) training, as well as after a 2 h retention interval (TEST3). During retention, participants either slept or remained awake. To assess gross motor performance, subjects had to ride the inverse steering bicycle 3 × 30 m straight-line and 3 × 30 m through a slalom. Beyond riding time, we sophisticatedly measured performance accuracy (standard deviation of steering angle) in both conditions using a rotatory potentiometer. A significant decrease of accuracy during straight-line riding after nap and wakefulness was shown. Accuracy during slalom riding remained stable after wakefulness but was reduced after sleep. We found that the duration of rapid eye movement sleep as well as sleep spindle activity are negatively related with gross motor performance changes over sleep. Together these findings suggest that the consolidation of adaptation to a new steering device does not benefit from a 2 h midday nap. We speculate that in case of strongly overlearned motor patterns such as normal cycling, diurnal sleep spindles and rapid eye movement sleep might even help to protect everyday needed skills, and to rapidly forget newly acquired, interfering and irrelevant material.
我们使用一种具有反向转向装置的自行车来研究日间睡眠对复杂的、具有生态有效性的粗大运动适应任务的巩固的影响。我们使用了一种被试间设计，对 24 名年龄在 20 到 29 岁之间的男性进行了测试。参与者在 45 分钟内接受适应反向转向自行车的训练。在训练前（TEST1）、训练后（TEST2）以及 2 小时的保持间隔后（TEST3）对参与者进行了测试。在保持期间，参与者要么睡觉，要么保持清醒。为了评估粗大运动表现，受试者必须骑 3 次 30 米直线和 3 次 30 米通过障碍。除了骑行时间外，我们还使用旋转电位计在两种情况下对性能精度（转向角度的标准差）进行了精细测量。在午睡和清醒后，直线骑行的精度显著降低。在清醒后，障碍骑行的精度保持稳定，但在睡眠后降低。我们发现，快速眼动睡眠的持续时间和睡眠纺锤波活动与睡眠过程中粗大运动表现的变化呈负相关。这些发现表明，适应新转向装置的巩固并不受益于 2 小时的午间小睡。我们推测，在强烈过度学习的运动模式（如正常骑行）的情况下，日间的睡眠纺锤波和快速眼动睡眠甚至可能有助于保护日常所需的技能，并迅速忘记新获得的、干扰性的和不相关的材料。
