Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, The National University of Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Research Center for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2017 Sep;24(25):20209-20240. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-9742-6. Epub 2017 Aug 8.
In this era of globalization, various products and technologies are being developed by the industries. While resources and energy are utilized from processes, wastes are being excreted through water streams, air, and ground. Without realizing it, environmental pollutions increase as the country develops. Effective technology is desired to create green factories that are able to overcome these issues. Wastewater is classified as the water coming from domestic or industrial sources. Wastewater treatment includes physical, chemical, and biological treatment processes. Aerobic and anaerobic processes are utilized in biological treatment approach. However, the current biological approaches emit greenhouse gases (GHGs), methane, and carbon dioxide that contribute to global warming. Microalgae can be the alternative to treating wastewater as it is able to consume nutrients from wastewater loading and fix CO as it undergoes photosynthesis. The utilization of microalgae in the system will directly reduce GHG emissions with low operating cost within a short period of time. The aim of this review is to discuss the uses of native microalgae species in palm oil mill effluent (POME) and flue gas remediation. In addition, the discussion on the optimal microalgae cultivation parameter selection is included as this is significant for effective microalgae-based treatment operations.
在全球化的时代，各行业都在开发各种产品和技术。在利用过程中的资源和能源的同时，通过水流、空气和地面排放废物。在国家发展的过程中，不知不觉地增加了环境污染。需要有效的技术来创建能够克服这些问题的绿色工厂。废水被归类为来自家庭或工业来源的水。废水处理包括物理、化学和生物处理过程。生物处理方法中使用好氧和厌氧工艺。然而，目前的生物方法会排放温室气体（GHG）、甲烷和二氧化碳，从而导致全球变暖。微藻可以作为处理废水的替代方法，因为它能够从废水中吸收营养物质并在光合作用过程中固定 CO。该系统中微藻的利用将直接减少温室气体排放，并且在短时间内以低运营成本进行。本综述旨在讨论土著微藻物种在棕榈油厂废水（POME）和烟道气修复中的应用。此外，还包括对最佳微藻培养参数选择的讨论，因为这对于有效的基于微藻的处理操作非常重要。
