Talbot Jessica J, Houbraken Jos, Frisvad Jens C, Samson Robert A, Kidd Sarah E, Pitt John, Lindsay Sue, Beatty Julia A, Barrs Vanessa R
Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands.
PLoS One. 2017 Aug 9;12(8):e0181660. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181660. eCollection 2017.
Invasive fungal infections (IFI) due to species in Aspergillus section Fumigati (ASF), including the Aspergillus viridinutans species complex (AVSC), are increasingly reported in humans and cats. The risk of exposure to these medically important fungi in Australia is unknown. Air and soil was sampled from the domiciles of pet cats diagnosed with these IFI and from a nature reserve in Frankston, Victoria, where Aspergillus viridinutans sensu stricto was discovered in 1954. Of 104 ASF species isolated, 61% were A. fumigatus sensu stricto, 9% were AVSC (A. felis-clade and A. frankstonensis sp. nov.) and 30% were other species (30%). Seven pathogenic ASF species known to cause disease in humans and animals (A. felis-clade, A. fischeri, A. thermomutatus, A. lentulus, A. laciniosus A. fumisynnematus, A. hiratsukae) comprised 25% of isolates overall. AVSC species were only isolated from Frankston soil where they were abundant, suggesting a particular ecological niche. Phylogenetic, morphological and metabolomic analyses of these isolates identified a new species, A. frankstonensis that is phylogenetically distinct from other AVSC species, heterothallic and produces a unique array of extrolites, including the UV spectrum characterized compounds DOLD, RAIMO and CALBO. Shared morphological and physiological characteristics with other AVSC species include slow sporulation, optimal growth at 37°C, no growth at 50°C, and viriditoxin production. Overall, the risk of environmental exposure to pathogenic species in ASF in Australia appears to be high, but there was no evidence of direct environmental exposure to AVSC species in areas where humans and cats cohabitate.
由烟曲霉组（ASF）中的物种引起的侵袭性真菌感染（IFI），包括绿褐曲霉物种复合体（AVSC），在人类和猫中越来越多地被报道。在澳大利亚，接触这些具有医学重要性的真菌的风险尚不清楚。从诊断患有这些IFI的宠物猫的住所和维多利亚州弗兰克斯顿的一个自然保护区采集了空气和土壤样本，1954年在该自然保护区发现了狭义的绿褐曲霉。在分离出的104种ASF物种中，61%是狭义的烟曲霉，9%是AVSC（猫曲霉分支和新种弗兰克斯顿曲霉），30%是其他物种（30%）。已知在人类和动物中致病的7种致病性ASF物种（猫曲霉分支、费氏曲霉、嗜热突变曲霉、勒图曲霉、有裂曲霉、烟束曲霉、平冢曲霉）占分离株总数的25%。AVSC物种仅从弗兰克斯顿土壤中分离出来，且在那里数量丰富，表明其具有特定的生态位。对这些分离株进行的系统发育、形态学和代谢组学分析鉴定出一个新物种，即弗兰克斯顿曲霉，它在系统发育上与其他AVSC物种不同，是异宗配合的，并且产生一系列独特的次生代谢产物，包括紫外线光谱特征化合物DOLD、RAIMO和CALBO。与其他AVSC物种共有的形态和生理特征包括产孢缓慢、在37°C时生长最佳、在50°C时不生长以及产生绿毒素。总体而言，在澳大利亚，环境接触ASF中致病物种的风险似乎很高，但在人类和猫共同居住的地区，没有证据表明存在直接环境接触AVSC物种的情况。
