Zuo Lizeng, Zhang Youfang, Zhang Longsheng, Miao Yue-E, Fan Wei, Liu Tianxi
State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.
State Key Laboratory of Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai 201620, China.
Materials (Basel). 2015 Oct 9;8(10):6806-6848. doi: 10.3390/ma8105343.
Aerogels are synthetic porous materials derived from sol-gel materials in which the liquid component has been replaced with gas to leave intact solid nanostructures without pore collapse. Recently, aerogels based on natural or synthetic polymers, called polymer or organic aerogels, have been widely explored due to their porous structures and unique properties, such as high specific surface area, low density, low thermal conductivity and dielectric constant. This paper gives a comprehensive review about the most recent progresses in preparation, structures and properties of polymer and their derived carbon-based aerogels, as well as their potential applications in various fields including energy storage, adsorption, thermal insulation and flame retardancy. To facilitate further research and development, the technical challenges are discussed, and several future research directions are also suggested in this review.
气凝胶是一种由溶胶 - 凝胶材料衍生而来的合成多孔材料，其中液体成分已被气体取代，从而留下完整的固体纳米结构且不会发生孔塌陷。最近，基于天然或合成聚合物的气凝胶，即聚合物或有机气凝胶，因其多孔结构和独特性能，如高比表面积、低密度、低导热率和介电常数，而受到广泛探索。本文全面综述了聚合物及其衍生的碳基气凝胶在制备、结构和性能方面的最新进展，以及它们在包括能量存储、吸附、隔热和阻燃等各个领域的潜在应用。为促进进一步的研究与开发，本文讨论了技术挑战，并提出了几个未来的研究方向。
