Du Ai, Zhou Bin, Zhang Zhihua, Shen Jun
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Special Artificial Microstructure Materials and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Materials (Basel). 2013 Mar 8;6(3):941-968. doi: 10.3390/ma6030941.
The ultrahighly nanoporous aerogel is recognized as a state of matter rather than as a functional material, because of its qualitative differences in bulk properties, transitional density and enthalpy between liquid and gas, and diverse chemical compositions. In this review, the characteristics, classification, history and preparation of the aerogel were introduced. More attention was paid to the sol-gel method for preparing different kinds of aerogels, given its important role on bridging the synthetic parameters with the properties. At last, preparation of a novel single-component aerogel, design of a composite aerogel and industrial application of the aerogel were regarded as the research tendency of the aerogel state in the near future.
超高纳米多孔气凝胶被视为一种物质状态而非功能材料，这是由于其在体积性质、液体与气体之间的过渡密度和焓以及化学成分方面存在质的差异。在本综述中，介绍了气凝胶的特性、分类、历史和制备方法。鉴于溶胶-凝胶法在将合成参数与性能联系起来方面的重要作用，对其制备不同种类气凝胶的方法给予了更多关注。最后，新型单组分气凝胶的制备、复合气凝胶的设计以及气凝胶的工业应用被视为气凝胶状态在不久的将来的研究趋势。
