Kostusiak Milosz, Hart Michael, Barone Damiano Giuseppe, Hofmann Riikka, Kirollos Ramez, Santarius Thomas, Trivedi Rikin
a Division of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK.
b Faculty of Education , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK.
Med Teach. 2017 Nov;39(11):1168-1173. doi: 10.1080/0142159X.2017.1362102. Epub 2017 Aug 9.
There has been an increased interest in the use of three-dimensional (3D) technology in surgical training. We wish to appraise the methodological rigor applied to evaluating the role and applications of 3D technology in surgical training, in particular, on the validity of these models and assessment methods in simulated surgical training.
Literature search was performed using MEDLINE with the following terms: "3D"; "surgery"; and "training". Only studies evaluating the role of 3D technology in surgical training were eligible for inclusion and assessed for the level of evidence, validity of the simulation model, and assessment method used.
A total of 93 studies were analyzed, and majority of reviewed articles focused on 3D displays (36) and 3D printing (35). Most of these studies were case series, the most common assessment was subjective (69), with objective assessment used by 57 studies. Very few studies provided evidence for validity of the model or the assessment methods used.
3D technology has a great potential in simulated surgical training. However, the validity of this technology and strong evidence for its beneficial effects in surgical training is lacking. Further work on validation of 3D technology and assessment tools is needed.
三维（3D）技术在外科手术培训中的应用越来越受到关注。我们希望评估在评估3D技术在外科手术培训中的作用和应用时所采用方法的严谨性，特别是这些模型和评估方法在模拟手术培训中的有效性。
使用MEDLINE进行文献检索，检索词如下：“3D”；“外科手术”；以及“培训”。只有评估3D技术在外科手术培训中作用的研究才有资格纳入，并对证据水平、模拟模型的有效性以及所使用的评估方法进行评估。
共分析了93项研究，大多数综述文章聚焦于3D显示（36项）和3D打印（35项）。这些研究大多为病例系列研究，最常见的评估是主观评估（69项），57项研究使用了客观评估。很少有研究为所使用模型或评估方法的有效性提供证据。
3D技术在模拟手术培训中具有巨大潜力。然而，这项技术的有效性以及其在外科手术培训中有益效果的有力证据尚缺。需要进一步开展关于3D技术和评估工具验证的工作。
