Chongqing Key Laboratory of Vector Insects; Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China.
The Department of Pathogenic Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
Sci Rep. 2017 Aug 9;7(1):7666. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07977-0.
To better understand the phylogeny and evolution of mosquitoes, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Anopheles stephensi and An. dirus were sequenced and annotated, and a total of 50 mosquito mitogenomes were comparatively analyzed. The complete mitogenome of An. stephensi and An. dirus is 1,5371 bp and 1,5406 bp long, respectively. The main features of the 50 mosquito mitogenomes are conservative: 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, positive AT-skew and negative GC-skew. The gene order trnA-trnR in ancestral insects is rearranged. All tRNA genes have the typical clover leaf secondary structure but tRNA . The control regions are highly variable in size. PCGs show signals of purifying selection, but evidence for positive selection in ND2, ND4 and ND6 is found. Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses based on all PCG nucleotides produce an identical tree topology and strongly support the monophyly of subgenera Cellia, Anopheles, Keterszia and Nyssorhynchus, the sister relationship of the subgenera Nyssorhynchus and Keterszia, and Cellia and Anopheles. The most recent ancestor of the genus Anopheles and Culicini + Aedini exited ~145 Mya ago. This is the first comprehensive study of mosquito mitogenomes, which are effective for mosquito phylogeny at various taxonomic levels.
为了更好地了解蚊子的系统发育和进化，我们对斯氏按蚊和致倦库蚊的完整线粒体基因组（mitogenome）进行了测序和注释，并对总共 50 种蚊子的线粒体基因组进行了比较分析。斯氏按蚊和致倦库蚊的完整线粒体基因组分别长 15371bp 和 15406bp。50 种蚊子线粒体基因组的主要特征是保守的：13 个蛋白质编码基因（PCGs）、两个核糖体 RNA 基因、22 个转移 RNA 基因、正 AT 倾斜和负 GC 倾斜。在祖昆虫中，trnA-trnR 基因的排列发生了重排。所有 tRNA 基因都具有典型的三叶草二级结构，但 tRNA. 控制区的大小高度可变。PCGs 显示出纯化选择的信号，但在 ND2、ND4 和 ND6 中发现了正选择的证据。基于所有 PCG 核苷酸的贝叶斯和最大似然系统发育分析产生了相同的树拓扑结构，强烈支持 Cellia、Anopheles、Keterszia 和 Nyssorhynchus 亚属的单系性、Nyssorhynchus 和 Keterszia 亚属以及 Cellia 和 Anopheles 的姐妹关系。属 Anopheles 和 Culicini + Aedini 的最近共同祖先大约在 1.45 亿年前出现。这是对蚊子线粒体基因组的首次全面研究，对各种分类水平的蚊子系统发育具有重要意义。
