Moor Andreas E, Golan Matan, Massasa Efi E, Lemze Doron, Weizman Tomer, Shenhav Rom, Baydatch Shaked, Mizrahi Orel, Winkler Roni, Golani Ofra, Stern-Ginossar Noam, Itzkovitz Shalev
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
Science. 2017 Sep 22;357(6357):1299-1303. doi: 10.1126/science.aan2399. Epub 2017 Aug 10.
Asymmetric messenger RNA (mRNA) localization facilitates efficient translation in cells such as neurons and fibroblasts. However, the extent and importance of mRNA polarization in epithelial tissues are unclear. Here, we used single-molecule transcript imaging and subcellular transcriptomics to uncover global apical-basal intracellular polarization of mRNA in the mouse intestinal epithelium. The localization of mRNAs did not generally overlap protein localization. Instead, ribosomes were more abundant on the apical sides, and apical transcripts were consequently more efficiently translated. Refeeding of fasted mice elicited a basal-to-apical shift in polarization of mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins, which was associated with a specific boost in their translation. This led to increased protein production, required for efficient nutrient absorption. These findings reveal a posttranscriptional regulatory mechanism involving dynamic polarization of mRNA and polarized translation.
不对称信使核糖核酸（mRNA）定位有助于在神经元和成纤维细胞等细胞中高效翻译。然而，mRNA极化在上皮组织中的程度和重要性尚不清楚。在这里，我们使用单分子转录成像和亚细胞转录组学来揭示小鼠肠道上皮细胞中mRNA的整体顶-基细胞内极化。mRNA的定位通常与蛋白质定位不重叠。相反，核糖体在顶端更丰富，因此顶端转录本的翻译效率更高。禁食小鼠再次进食会引起编码核糖体蛋白的mRNA极化从基底向顶端的转变，这与它们翻译的特定增强有关。这导致了有效营养吸收所需的蛋白质产量增加。这些发现揭示了一种涉及mRNA动态极化和极化翻译的转录后调控机制。
