Powers A R, Mathys C, Corlett P R
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste, Italy.
Science. 2017 Aug 11;357(6351):596-600. doi: 10.1126/science.aan3458.
Some people hear voices that others do not, but only some of those people seek treatment. Using a Pavlovian learning task, we induced conditioned hallucinations in four groups of people who differed orthogonally in their voice-hearing and treatment-seeking statuses. People who hear voices were significantly more susceptible to the effect. Using functional neuroimaging and computational modeling of perception, we identified processes that differentiated voice-hearers from non-voice-hearers and treatment-seekers from non-treatment-seekers and characterized a brain circuit that mediated the conditioned hallucinations. These data demonstrate the profound and sometimes pathological impact of top-down cognitive processes on perception and may represent an objective means to discern people with a need for treatment from those without.
有些人能听到别人听不到的声音，但只有一部分这样的人会寻求治疗。我们使用一项巴甫洛夫式学习任务，在四组人群中诱发了条件性幻觉，这四组人群在幻听和寻求治疗状况方面呈正交差异。有幻听的人对这种效应的易感性显著更高。通过功能神经成像和感知计算模型，我们确定了能区分幻听者与非幻听者、寻求治疗者与非寻求治疗者的过程，并描绘了一条介导条件性幻觉的脑回路。这些数据证明了自上而下的认知过程对感知的深刻且有时是病理性的影响，并且可能代表了一种区分有治疗需求者和无治疗需求者的客观方法。
