Niedermeier Martin, Grafetstätter Carina, Hartl Arnulf, Kopp Martin
Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Fürstenweg 185, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Institute of Ecomedicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 22, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Aug 11;14(8):905. doi: 10.3390/ijerph14080905.
Green exercise, defined as physical activity in natural environments, might have positive effects on stress-related physiological measures. Little is known about the acute effects of green exercise bouts lasting longer than 60 min. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to analyze the acute effects of a three-hour green exercise intervention (mountain hiking) on stress-related physiological responses. Using a randomized crossover design, 42 healthy participants were exposed to three different conditions in a field-based experiment: outdoor mountain hiking, indoor treadmill walking, and sedentary control condition (three hours each). At baseline and at follow-up (five minutes after the condition), stress-related physiological responses (salivary cortisol, blood pressure, and heart rate variability) were measured. Salivary cortisol decreased in all conditions, but showed a larger decrease after both mountain hiking and treadmill walking compared to the sedentary control situation (partial η² = 0.10). No differences were found between mountain hiking and treadmill walking in salivary cortisol. In heart rate variability and blood pressure, changes from baseline to follow-up did not significantly differ between the three conditions. The results indicate that three hours of hiking indoors or outdoors elicits positive effects on salivary cortisol concentration. Environmental effects seem to play a minor role in salivary cortisol, blood pressure, and heart rate variability.
绿色运动被定义为在自然环境中的身体活动，可能会对与压力相关的生理指标产生积极影响。对于持续时间超过60分钟的绿色运动的急性影响知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是分析为期三小时的绿色运动干预（登山）对与压力相关的生理反应的急性影响。采用随机交叉设计，42名健康参与者在一项基于实地的实验中暴露于三种不同条件下：户外登山、室内跑步机行走和久坐对照条件（每种条件持续三小时）。在基线和随访时（每种条件结束后五分钟），测量与压力相关的生理反应（唾液皮质醇、血压和心率变异性）。在所有条件下唾液皮质醇均下降，但与久坐对照情况相比，登山和跑步机行走后唾液皮质醇下降幅度更大（偏η² = 0.10）。登山和跑步机行走在唾液皮质醇方面未发现差异。在心率变异性和血压方面，三种条件下从基线到随访的变化无显著差异。结果表明，在室内或室外进行三小时的徒步旅行会对唾液皮质醇浓度产生积极影响。环境因素在唾液皮质醇、血压和心率变异性方面似乎起次要作用。
