Granbom Marianne, Löfqvist Charlotte, Horstmann Vibeke, Haak Maria, Iwarsson Susanne
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Box 157, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
Eur J Ageing. 2013 Jun 28;11(1):55-65. doi: 10.1007/s10433-013-0287-3. eCollection 2014 Mar.
Relocation in very old age is considered to be a major life event and a move could be triggered by many different economic, social, health-related, or environmental reasons. Based on the notion of person-environment (P-E) fit as expressed in the Ecological Theory of Ageing, the aim of this prospective study over 4 years was to explore which aspects of housing and health predict relocation to ordinary or special housing among very old people. At baseline, the participants (80-89 years old) lived alone in ordinary housing in Sweden ( = 384). Data collection at home visits included assessments and observations on aspects of objective and perceived housing as well as on aspects of health. After 4 years, 18 % ( = 70) of the participants had moved, either to ordinary housing ( = 24) or to special housing ( = 46). Cox regression models showed dependence in cleaning, perceived functional independence, and living in a one-family house to predict moves to ordinary housing. Dependence in cooking, cognitive deficits, and accessibility problems predicted moves to special housing. In conclusion, aspects of housing and health are related to relocation in very old age, but in different patterns for relocation to ordinary housing and special housing, respectively. This kind of knowledge has practical implications for relocation counselling and societal planning targeting very old people.
高龄搬迁被视为一项重大生活事件，多种不同的经济、社会、健康相关或环境因素都可能引发搬迁。基于衰老生态理论中所阐述的人-环境（P-E）适配概念，这项为期4年的前瞻性研究旨在探究住房和健康的哪些方面能够预测高龄老人搬至普通住房或特殊住房。在基线期，参与者（80至89岁）独居在瑞典的普通住房中（n = 384）。家访时的数据收集包括对客观和主观住房方面以及健康方面的评估与观察。4年后，18%（n = 70）的参与者进行了搬迁，其中搬至普通住房的有24人，搬至特殊住房的有46人。Cox回归模型显示，清洁方面的依赖、主观功能独立性以及居住在独栋房屋中可预测搬至普通住房的情况。烹饪方面的依赖、认知缺陷以及可达性问题可预测搬至特殊住房的情况。总之，住房和健康方面与高龄搬迁有关，但分别针对搬至普通住房和特殊住房呈现出不同的模式。这类知识对于针对高龄老人的搬迁咨询和社会规划具有实际意义。
