Brom Sarah Susanne, Schnitzspahn Katharina Marlene, Melzer Marlen, Hagner Franziska, Bernhard Anka, Kliegel Matthias
Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
Faculté de psychologie et des sciences de l'éducation, Université de Genève, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
Eur J Ageing. 2013 Jul 16;11(1):89-98. doi: 10.1007/s10433-013-0288-2. eCollection 2014 Mar.
The aim of the present study was to test if a cognitive strategy improves older adults' prospective memory performance in a naturalistic health task. Moreover, it was tested if a possible strategy effect is moderated by individual differences. Therefore, a group of older adults was asked to perform a task taken from the medication adherence literature (i.e., blood pressure monitoring). Half of them were asked to form implementation intentions. Additionally, crystallized pragmatics and fluid mechanics, conscientiousness, self-efficacy, and lifestyle factors were assessed as possible moderators. Results showed a strong positive strategy effect on prospective memory. Moreover, the effect was qualified by a significant interaction and only emerged for participants with low levels in fluid mechanics. No other moderator showed an effect. In conclusion, an enhancing effect of implementation intentions on prospective memory seems to be dependent on individual differences in cognitive capacity and less related to key motivational or personality variables.
本研究的目的是测试一种认知策略是否能在自然主义健康任务中提高老年人的前瞻性记忆表现。此外，还测试了个体差异是否会调节可能的策略效应。因此，一组老年人被要求执行一项来自药物依从性文献的任务（即血压监测）。其中一半人被要求形成执行意图。此外，还评估了结晶语用学和流体力学、尽责性、自我效能感和生活方式因素作为可能的调节因素。结果显示，该策略对前瞻性记忆有强烈的积极影响。此外，这种影响因显著的交互作用而有所不同，并且仅在流体力学水平较低的参与者中出现。没有其他调节因素显示出影响。总之，执行意图对前瞻性记忆的增强作用似乎取决于认知能力的个体差异，而与关键的动机或人格变量关系较小。
