Knöpfler S, Mayer-Scholl A, Luge E, Klopfleisch R, Gruber A D, Nöckler K, Kohn B
Clinic for Small Animals, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, D-14163 Berlin.
Federal Institute for Risk AssessmentDiedersdorfer Weg 1, D-12277 Berlin, Germany.
J Small Anim Pract. 2017 Oct;58(10):582-588. doi: 10.1111/jsap.12718. Epub 2017 Aug 14.
To report clinical, laboratory and diagnostic imaging features and prognostic factors in dogs with leptospirosis from North-East Germany.
Medical records of dogs diagnosed with leptospirosis from 2006 to 2013 were evaluated retrospectively.
The study included 99 dogs. At initial presentation, the most common clinical signs were lethargy (96%), anorexia (88%), vomiting (85%), painful abdomen (39%), diarrhoea (38%), oliguria (27%) and tachypnoea (26%). Abnormal laboratory findings included anaemia (63%), thrombocytopenia (63%), leucocytosis (57%), increase of plasma urea (84%) and creatinine concentrations (81%), increased liver enzyme activities (80%), hyperbilirubinaemia (69%), hyperphosphataemia (67%), hyponatraemia (64%), hypoalbuminaemia (55%) and hypokalaemia (29%). Radiological pulmonary changes were detected in 57% of the dogs initially or during the course of disease. Severe dyspnoea, oliguria, azotaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia and severe radiological pulmonary changes were more often found in dogs that did not survive. There was renal, hepatic and pulmonary involvement in 95, 92 and 58% of the dogs, respectively, and multi-organ lesions in 98 dogs (98%); 32 dogs died or were euthanased.
Several clinical and laboratory abnormalities were associated with a negative outcome; severe lung involvement was specifically associated with high mortality.
报告德国东北部患钩端螺旋体病犬的临床、实验室及诊断影像学特征和预后因素。
对2006年至2013年诊断为钩端螺旋体病的犬的病历进行回顾性评估。
该研究纳入了99只犬。初次就诊时，最常见的临床症状为嗜睡（96%）、厌食（88%）、呕吐（85%）、腹痛（39%）、腹泻（38%）、少尿（27%）和呼吸急促（26%）。实验室检查异常包括贫血（63%）、血小板减少（63%）、白细胞增多（57%）、血浆尿素（84%）和肌酐浓度升高（81%）、肝酶活性增加（80%）、高胆红素血症（69%）、高磷血症（67%）、低钠血症（64%）、低白蛋白血症（55%）和低钾血症（29%）。57%的犬在疾病初期或病程中检测到肺部影像学改变。未存活的犬更常出现严重呼吸困难、少尿、氮质血症、高胆红素血症和严重肺部影像学改变。分别有95%、92%和58%的犬有肾脏、肝脏和肺部受累，98只犬（98%）有多器官病变；32只犬死亡或被安乐死。
一些临床和实验室异常与不良预后相关；严重的肺部受累尤其与高死亡率相关。
