George Maureen, Bruzzese Jean-Marie, Matura Lea Ann
Xi, Associate Professor, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.
Associate Professor of Applied Developmental Psychology (in Nursing), Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2017 Nov;49(6):644-652. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12330. Epub 2017 Aug 14.
Greenhouse gases are driving climate change. This article explores the adverse health effects of climate change on a particularly vulnerable population: children and adults with respiratory conditions.
This review provides a general overview of the effects of increasing temperatures, extreme weather, desertification, and flooding on asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, and respiratory infections. We offer suggestions for future research to better understand climate change hazards, policies to support prevention and mitigation efforts targeting climate change, and clinical actions to reduce individual risk.
Climate change produces a number of changes to the natural and built environments that may potentially increase respiratory disease prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Nurses might consider focusing their research efforts on reducing the effects of greenhouse gases and in directing policy to mitigate the harmful effects of climate change. Nurses can also continue to direct educational and clinical actions to reduce risks for all populations, but most importantly, for our most vulnerable groups.
While advancements have been made in understanding the impact of climate change on respiratory health, nurses can play an important role in reducing the deleterious effects of climate change. This will require a multipronged approach of research, policy, and clinical action.
温室气体正在推动气候变化。本文探讨气候变化对一个特别脆弱的群体——患有呼吸道疾病的儿童和成人——的健康产生的不利影响。
本综述概述了气温升高、极端天气、荒漠化和洪水对哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病和呼吸道感染的影响。我们为未来的研究提出建议，以更好地了解气候变化危害，制定支持针对气候变化的预防和缓解措施的政策，以及采取临床行动降低个人风险。
气候变化给自然环境和人造环境带来了一些变化，这些变化可能会增加呼吸道疾病的患病率、发病率和死亡率。护士们可以考虑将研究重点放在减少温室气体的影响以及引导政策减轻气候变化的有害影响上。护士们还可以继续开展教育和临床行动，以降低所有人群的风险，但最重要的是，降低我们最脆弱群体的风险。
虽然在理解气候变化对呼吸道健康的影响方面已经取得了进展，但护士在减少气候变化的有害影响方面可以发挥重要作用。这将需要研究、政策和临床行动的多管齐下的方法。
