VanDevanter Nancy, Raveis Victoria H, Kovner Christine T, McCollum Meriel, Keller Ronald
Professor, New York University, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.
Professor, New York University, College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA.
J Nurs Scholarsh. 2017 Nov;49(6):635-643. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12329. Epub 2017 Aug 14.
Weather-related disasters have increased dramatically in recent years. In 2012, severe flooding as a result of Hurricane Sandy necessitated the mid-storm patient evacuation of New York University Langone Medical Center. The purpose of this study was to explore, from the nurses' perspective, what the challenges and resources were to carrying out their responsibilities, and what the implications are for nursing education and preparation for disaster.
This mixed-methods study included qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of nurses and an online survey of nurses who participated in the evacuation.
The interviews explored prior disaster experience and training, communication, personal experience during the evacuation, and lessons learned. The cross-sectional survey assessed social demographic factors, nursing education and experience, as well as potential challenges and resources in carrying out their disaster roles.
Qualitative interviews provided important contextual information about the specific challenges nurses experienced and their ability to respond effectively. Survey data identified important resources that helped nurses to carry out their roles, including support from coworkers, providing support to others, personal resourcefulness, and leadership. Nurses experienced considerable challenges in responding to this disaster due to limited prior disaster experience, training, and education, but drew on their personal resourcefulness, support from colleagues, and leadership to adapt to those challenges.
Disaster preparedness education in schools of nursing and practice settings should include more hands-on disaster preparation exercises, more "low-tech" options to address power loss, and specific policies on nurses' disaster roles.
Nurses play a critical role in responding to disasters. Learning from their disaster experience can inform approaches to nursing education and preparation.
近年来，与天气相关的灾害急剧增加。2012年，桑迪飓风引发的严重洪水迫使纽约大学朗格尼医学中心在风暴期间疏散患者。本研究的目的是从护士的角度探讨履行职责时面临的挑战和资源，以及对护理教育和灾害准备工作的影响。
这项混合方法研究包括对护士的目的性抽样进行定性访谈，以及对参与疏散的护士进行在线调查。
访谈探讨了先前的灾害经验和培训、沟通、疏散期间的个人经历以及吸取的教训。横断面调查评估了社会人口因素、护理教育和经验，以及履行灾害职责时可能面临的挑战和资源。
定性访谈提供了关于护士所经历的具体挑战及其有效应对能力的重要背景信息。调查数据确定了有助于护士履行职责的重要资源，包括同事的支持、为他人提供支持、个人应变能力和领导力。由于先前的灾害经验、培训和教育有限，护士在应对这场灾害时遇到了相当大的挑战，但他们依靠个人应变能力、同事的支持和领导力来应对这些挑战。
护理学院和实践机构的灾害准备教育应包括更多的实际灾害准备演练、更多应对停电的“低技术”方案，以及关于护士灾害角色的具体政策。
护士在应对灾害中发挥着关键作用。从他们的灾害经验中学习可以为护理教育和准备方法提供参考。
