Vasanthi A Hannah Rachel, Muthulakshmi V, Gayathri V, Manikandan R, Ananthi S, Kuruvilla Sarah
Department of Biochemistry, Herbal and Indian Medicine Research Laboratory, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Pathology, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Pharmacogn Mag. 2017 Jul;13(Suppl 2):S273-S279. doi: 10.4103/pm.pm_454_16. Epub 2017 Jul 11.
(SK), a polyherbal decoction containing four medicinal plants has been used in Siddha system of medicine, practiced in Southern parts of India for the management of urolithiasis.
The present study is carried out to scientifically validate the traditional claim and to study the mechanism of action of the drug.
In the present study, anti-urolithiatic effect of SK was evaluated in Sprague-Dawley rats using ethylene glycol through drinking water and intraperitoneal injection of sodium oxalate. Renal damage was confirmed by the increased production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS).
Co-treatment with SK to urolithiatic rats for 21 days significantly prevented the elevation of renal and urinary stone biomarkers in plasma and renal tissue thereby preventing renal damage and the formation of renal calculi. Administration of SK at all doses and cystone restored the antioxidant (glutathione) levels by preventing the elevation of TBARS in the kidney tissue, which was further confirmed by histological sections.
SK treatment promotes diuresis which leads to flushing of the renal stones and maintains the alkaline environment in the urinary system which probably mediates the antilithiatic activity. SK provides structural and functional protection to the kidneys by enhancing its physiological function against stone formation and validates its clinical use.
SK exhibited antilithiatic and diuretic potential in ethylene glycol and sodium oxalate induced urolithiasis in ratsElevated urinary stone markers (Calcium, oxalate, uric acid, magnesium and phosphates) in plasma and renal tubular enzymes (LDH, GGT, ALP, AST ALT) in urolithiatic rats were reversed by SK treatmentSK administration significantly reduced the level of renal stress markers like Urea, Creatinine, LPO and elevated SOD, GPx, GSH levels aiding in nephroprotectionSK also provides structural and functional protection against ethylene glycol- induced renal calculus in rats as evidenced by histopathological studies. SK: ; TBARS: ThioBarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; SOD: SuperOxide Dismutase; GPx: Gluthathione peroxidase; GSH- Glutathione; LPO: Lipid peroxidation as measured as TBARS; AST: Aspartate AminoTransferase; ALT: Alanine Amino transferase; GGT: Gamma Glutamyl Transferase; LDH: Lactate Dehydrogenase.
（SK）是一种含有四种药用植物的多草药煎剂，在印度南部实施的悉达医学体系中用于治疗尿石症。
开展本研究以科学验证传统说法并研究该药物的作用机制。
在本研究中，通过让斯普拉格-道利大鼠饮用含乙二醇的水并腹腔注射草酸钠，评估SK的抗尿石症作用。通过硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质（TBARS）生成增加来确认肾损伤。
给患尿石症的大鼠联合使用SK治疗21天可显著防止血浆和肾组织中肾及尿路结石生物标志物升高，从而预防肾损伤和肾结石形成。所有剂量的SK及胱氨酸通过防止肾组织中TBARS升高恢复了抗氧化剂（谷胱甘肽）水平，组织学切片进一步证实了这一点。
SK治疗促进利尿，从而促使肾结石排出，并维持泌尿系统的碱性环境，这可能介导了抗尿石症活性。SK通过增强其抗结石形成的生理功能为肾脏提供结构和功能保护，并验证了其临床应用。
SK在乙二醇和草酸钠诱导的大鼠尿石症中表现出抗尿石症和利尿潜力。SK治疗可逆转患尿石症大鼠血浆中升高的尿路结石标志物（钙、草酸盐、尿酸、镁和磷酸盐）及肾小管酶（乳酸脱氢酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶、碱性磷酸酶、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶）。SK给药显著降低了尿素、肌酐、脂质过氧化等肾应激标志物水平，并提高了超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽水平，有助于肾脏保护。组织病理学研究证明，SK还为大鼠提供了针对乙二醇诱导的肾结石的结构和功能保护。SK： ；TBARS：硫代巴比妥酸反应性物质；SOD：超氧化物歧化酶；GPx：谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶；GSH：谷胱甘肽；LPO：以TBARS衡量的脂质过氧化；AST：天冬氨酸氨基转移酶；ALT：丙氨酸氨基转移酶；GGT：γ-谷氨酰转移酶；LDH：乳酸脱氢酶
