代际流动与儿童发展的地理学。
Geography of intergenerational mobility and child development.
机构信息
Center for Research on Child Wellbeing, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544;
Office of Population Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Aug 29;114(35):9320-9325. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1700945114. Epub 2017 Aug 15.
Recent research by Chetty and colleagues finds that children's chances of upward mobility are affected by the communities in which they grow up [Chetty R, Hendren N (2016) Working paper 23002]. However, the developmental pathways through which communities of origin translate into future economic gain are not well understood. In this paper we examine the association between Chetty and Hendren's county-level measure of intergenerational mobility and children's cognitive and behavioral development. Focusing on children from low-income families, we find that growing up in a county with high upward mobility is associated with fewer externalizing behavioral problems by age 3 years and with substantial gains in cognitive test scores between ages 3 and 9 years. Growing up in a county with 1 SD better intergenerational mobility accounts for ∼20% of the gap in developmental outcomes between children from low- and high-income families. Collectively, our findings suggest that the developmental processes through which residential contexts promote upward mobility begin early in childhood and involve the enrichment of both cognitive and social-emotional development.
切蒂和同事的最新研究发现，儿童向上流动的机会受到他们成长社区的影响[切蒂 R，亨德伦 N（2016）工作文件 23002]。然而，原籍社区如何转化为未来经济收益的发展途径还不是很清楚。在本文中，我们研究了切蒂和亨德伦的代际流动性的县级衡量标准与儿童认知和行为发展之间的关系。我们专注于来自低收入家庭的儿童，发现与在代际流动性较高的县长大的儿童相比，在代际流动性较高的县长大的儿童在 3 岁时的外化行为问题较少，在 3 岁至 9 岁之间的认知测试分数有显著提高。在代际流动性提高 1 个标准差的县长大的儿童，其发展结果与来自低收入和高收入家庭的儿童之间的差距约为 20%。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，居住环境促进向上流动的发展过程在儿童早期就开始了，并且涉及认知和社会情感发展的丰富。
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