Diepeveen Eveline T, de la Cruz Leila Iñigo, Laan Liedewij
Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of NanoScience, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, the Netherlands.
Biophys Rev. 2017 Aug;9(4):375-387. doi: 10.1007/s12551-017-0286-2. Epub 2017 Aug 15.
Polarity establishment underlies proper cell cycle completion across virtually all organisms. Much progress has been made in generating an understanding of the structural and functional components of this process, especially in model species. Here we focus on the evolutionary dynamics of the fungal polarization protein network in order to determine general components and mechanistic principles, species- or lineage-specific adaptations and the evolvability of the network. The currently available genomic and proteomic screens in a variety of fungal species have shown three main characteristics: (1) certain proteins, processes and functions are conserved throughout the fungal clade; (2) orthologous functions can never be assumed, as various cases have been observed of homologous loci with dissimilar functions; (3) species have, typically, various species- or lineage-specific proteins incorporated in their polarization network. Further large-scale comparative and experimental studies, including those on non-model species representing the great fungal diversity, are needed to gain a better understanding of the evolutionary dynamics and generalities of the polarization network in fungi.
极性确立是几乎所有生物体中细胞周期正常完成的基础。在理解这一过程的结构和功能组成部分方面已经取得了很大进展，尤其是在模式物种中。在这里，我们聚焦于真菌极化蛋白网络的进化动态，以确定其通用组成部分和机制原理、物种或谱系特异性适应以及该网络的可进化性。目前在多种真菌物种中进行的基因组和蛋白质组筛选显示出三个主要特征：（1）某些蛋白质、过程和功能在整个真菌类群中是保守的；（2）不能假定直系同源功能，因为已经观察到各种具有不同功能的同源基因座的情况；（3）物种通常在其极化网络中纳入了各种物种或谱系特异性蛋白质。需要进一步开展大规模的比较和实验研究，包括对代表真菌多样性的非模式物种的研究，以更好地理解真菌极化网络的进化动态和普遍性。
