Ayatollahi-Mousavi Seyyed Amin, Asadikaram Gholamreza, Nakhaee Nouzar, Izadi Alireza, Keikha Nasser
Professor, Tropical and Infectious Disease Research Center AND Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Professor, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Addict Health. 2016 Fall;8(4):218-226.
The use of narcotics such as opium exposes addicts as susceptible targets of different diseases so that they might easily be exposed to different diseases such as fungal infections. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of addiction to opium and fungal infection on plasma levels of certain cytokines including interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-17, Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β).
Present study included 72 individuals who were divided into 4 groups: 1) opium-addicted with fungal infection; 2) opium-addicted without fungal infection; 3) non-opium-addicted with fungal infection; and 4) normal individuals (non-opium-addicted and non-fungal infection). The fungal samples, after being detected and confirmed by a physician, were prepared based on clinical symptoms and then analyzed by direct smear and culture method. The measurement of the plasma level of cytokines was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.
The comparison of the mean of the plasma level of cytokines showed that addiction to opium and fungal infection had significant effect on the plasma levels of IL-17, IFN-γ, TGF-β cytokines in all studied groups. The interaction of addiction to opium and fungal infection was only significant in the case of plasma level of IL-6.
Addiction to opium and fungal infection, either separately or simultaneously, poses significant effect on the immune system and causes disorders in the cytokine network and the immune system and also provides a suitable environment for fungal infection.
使用鸦片等麻醉品会使成瘾者成为不同疾病的易感目标，从而容易感染不同疾病，如真菌感染。本研究旨在调查鸦片成瘾和真菌感染对某些细胞因子血浆水平的影响，这些细胞因子包括白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、IL-6、IL-17、干扰素γ（IFN-γ）和转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）。
本研究纳入72名个体，分为4组：1）有真菌感染的鸦片成瘾者；2）无真菌感染的鸦片成瘾者；3）有真菌感染的非鸦片成瘾者；4）正常个体（非鸦片成瘾且无真菌感染）。经医生检测并确认后的真菌样本，根据临床症状进行制备，然后通过直接涂片和培养方法进行分析。细胞因子血浆水平的测定采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）法。
细胞因子血浆水平均值的比较表明，鸦片成瘾和真菌感染对所有研究组中IL-17、IFN-γ、TGF-β细胞因子的血浆水平有显著影响。鸦片成瘾与真菌感染的相互作用仅在IL-6血浆水平方面具有显著性。
鸦片成瘾和真菌感染，无论是单独还是同时发生，都会对免疫系统产生显著影响，导致细胞因子网络和免疫系统紊乱，也为真菌感染提供了适宜环境。
