McCanlies Erin C, Gu Ja Kook, Andrew Michael E, Burchfiel Cecil M, Violanti John M
Epidemiologist, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Statistician, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Morgantown, West Virginia.
J Emerg Manag. 2017 Mar/Apr;15(2):107-116. doi: 10.5055/jem.2017.0319.
Police officers in the New Orleans geographic area faced a number of challenges following Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
This cross-sectional study examined gratitude, resilience, and satisfaction with life as mediators in the association between social support and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in 82 male and 31 female police officers. The Gratitude Questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List were used to measure gratitude, resilience, satisfaction with life, and social support, respectively. PTSD symptoms were measured using the PTSD Checklist-Civilian (PCL-C). Ordinary least square regression mediation analysis was used to estimate direct and indirect effects among gratitude, resilience, satisfaction with life, social support, and PTSD symptoms. All models were adjusted for age, alcohol, race, and previous military experience.
Mean PCL-C symptoms were 29.1 (standard deviation [SD] = 14.4) for females and 27.9 (SD = 12.1) for males. There was no direct relationship between social support and PTSD symptoms (c9 = -0.041; 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.199, 0.117) independent of the indirect effect through resilience (effect = -0.038; 95%CI = -0.099, -0.002). Neither gratitude (effect = -0.066; 95% CI = -0.203, 0.090) nor satisfaction with life (effect = -0.036, 95% CI = -0.131, 0.046) contribute to the indirect effect.
These results indicate that resilience mediates the relationship between social support and symp-toms of PTSD. Targeting social support and resilience in officers may facilitate reduction of PTSD symptoms.
2005年卡特里娜飓风过后，新奥尔良地区的警察面临着诸多挑战。
这项横断面研究调查了82名男性和31名女性警察的感恩、心理韧性和生活满意度，将其作为社会支持与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状之间关联的中介变量。分别使用感恩问卷、康纳-戴维森心理韧性量表、生活满意度量表和人际支持评估量表来测量感恩、心理韧性、生活满意度和社会支持。使用创伤后应激障碍检查表-平民版（PCL-C）来测量PTSD症状。采用普通最小二乘回归中介分析来估计感恩、心理韧性、生活满意度、社会支持和PTSD症状之间的直接和间接效应。所有模型均对年龄、饮酒情况、种族和既往军事经历进行了校正。
女性PCL-C症状的平均得分是29.1（标准差[SD]=14.4），男性为27.9（SD=12.1）。独立于通过心理韧性产生的间接效应之外，社会支持与PTSD症状之间没有直接关系（c9=-0.041；95%置信区间[CI]=-0.199，0.117）。感恩（效应=-0.066；95%CI=-0.203，0.090）和生活满意度（效应=-0.036，95%CI=-0.131，0.046）均未对间接效应产生影响。
这些结果表明，心理韧性在社会支持与PTSD症状之间起中介作用。针对警察的社会支持和心理韧性可能有助于减轻PTSD症状。
