Sells Joanna R, Waters Andrew J, MacLean R Ross
Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017 Oct 1;179:267-270. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.003. Epub 2017 Jul 4.
Most smokers want to quit but most cessation attempts end in failure. Alcohol consumption is associated with smoking behavior and relapse. We examined the associations between severity of drinking and psychological processes during a cessation attempt in the laboratory and during a quit attempt.
Smokers (N=209) enrolled in a smoking cessation study were followed from 2 weeks pre-quit through 4 weeks post-quit. Participants scoring 0-7 and 8-15 on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) were classified as low-risk and high-risk drinkers, respectively. Participants attended one pre-quit laboratory session before which they were required to abstain from smoking and another pre-quit session before which they smoked normally. Craving was assessed in the laboratory with the Questionnaire for Smoking Urges (QSU). A subsample of the participants also completed a 1-week ecological momentary assessment (EMA) study starting on the quit day. During EMA, craving for cigarettes was assessed, and attentional bias was assessed using a smoking Stroop task (n=119).
High (vs. low) risk participants reported greater abstinence-induced increases in craving in the laboratory, and also exhibited greater attentional bias on the smoking Stroop task during EMA.
High-risk drinkers exhibited a stronger increase in desire to smoke in abstinence and greater attentional bias to smoking cues early in a quit attempt, both of which may motivate continued smoking behaviors. High-risk drinkers may require more intensive or different smoking cessation interventions.
大多数吸烟者想要戒烟，但大多数戒烟尝试都以失败告终。饮酒与吸烟行为及复吸有关。我们研究了在实验室戒烟尝试期间以及实际戒烟期间饮酒严重程度与心理过程之间的关联。
纳入一项戒烟研究的吸烟者（N = 209）从戒烟前2周一直追踪至戒烟后4周。在酒精使用障碍识别测试（AUDIT）中得分0 - 7分和8 - 15分的参与者分别被归类为低风险饮酒者和高风险饮酒者。参与者参加一次戒烟前实验室环节，在此之前他们被要求戒烟，以及另一次戒烟前环节，在此之前他们正常吸烟。在实验室中使用吸烟欲望问卷（QSU）评估烟瘾。部分参与者还从戒烟日开始完成了一项为期1周的生态瞬时评估（EMA）研究。在EMA期间，评估对香烟的渴望，并使用吸烟Stroop任务评估注意力偏差（n = 119）。
高风险（与低风险相比）参与者报告在实验室中因戒烟导致的烟瘾增加更大，并且在EMA期间在吸烟Stroop任务上也表现出更大的注意力偏差。
高风险饮酒者在戒烟期间对吸烟的欲望增加更强，并且在戒烟尝试早期对吸烟线索的注意力偏差更大，这两者都可能促使持续吸烟行为。高风险饮酒者可能需要更强化或不同的戒烟干预措施。
