Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD;
Nicotine Tob Res. 2014 May;16 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S111-8. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntt108. Epub 2013 Jul 30.
Some studies using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) have revealed an association between craving for cigarettes and relapse. It is therefore important to understand the correlates of craving during smoking cessation. Attentional bias to smoking cues is a potential correlate of craving, but it has not previously been assessed using EMA during smoking cessation.
Smokers enrolled in a research smoking cessation study were offered the opportunity to take part in an EMA study. Volunteers carried around a personal digital assistant (PDA) for the first week of their quit attempt. They completed up to 4 random assessments (RAs) per day as well as assessments when they experienced a temptation to smoke and when they relapsed. Craving for cigarettes was assessed with a single item (1-7 scale). Attentional bias was assessed with a smoking Stroop task (a reaction time task) at every other assessment, as was self-reported attention to cigarettes.
Data were available from 119 participants. Across 882 assessments, participants exhibited a significant smoking Stroop effect. Linear mixed models revealed a significant between-subject association between craving and the smoking Stroop effect. Individuals with higher levels of craving exhibited greater attentional bias. The within-subject association was not significant. Similar results were obtained for the relationship between self-reported attention to cigarettes and attentional bias.
Attentional bias can be assessed in the natural environment using EMA during smoking cessation, and attentional bias is a correlate of craving during the early stages of a quit attempt.
一些使用生态瞬时评估（EMA）的研究表明，吸烟渴望与复吸之间存在关联。因此，了解戒烟期间渴望的相关因素非常重要。对吸烟线索的注意力偏向是渴望的一个潜在相关因素，但之前尚未在戒烟期间使用 EMA 进行评估。
参加研究性戒烟研究的吸烟者有机会参加 EMA 研究。志愿者在戒烟的第一周携带个人数字助理（PDA）。他们每天最多完成 4 次随机评估（RA），以及在经历吸烟诱惑和复吸时进行评估。吸烟渴望用一个单一项目（1-7 分制）进行评估。在每两次评估中进行吸烟 Stroop 任务（反应时间任务）评估注意力偏向，同时评估对香烟的自我报告注意力。
119 名参与者的数据可用。在 882 次评估中，参与者表现出明显的吸烟 Stroop 效应。线性混合模型显示，渴望和吸烟 Stroop 效应之间存在显著的个体间关联。渴望程度较高的个体表现出更大的注意力偏向。个体内关联不显著。自我报告对香烟的注意力与注意力偏向之间的关系也得到了类似的结果。
可以使用 EMA 在戒烟期间的自然环境中评估注意力偏向，并且注意力偏向是戒烟初期渴望的一个相关因素。
