Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Ökologie, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07745 Jena, Germany; Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Trends Biotechnol. 2017 Sep;35(9):871-882. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.04.009. Epub 2017 Jul 19.
Plant-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) shows great potential in crop protection. It relies on plants stably expressing double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that target essential genes in pest insects. Practical application of this strategy is challenging because producing sufficient amounts of stable dsRNA in plants has proven to be difficult to achieve with conventional transgenesis. In addition, many insects do not respond to exogenously applied dsRNAs, either degrading them or failing to import them into the cytoplasm. We summarize recent progress in RNAi-mediated insect pest control and discuss factors determining its efficacy. Expressing dsRNA in chloroplasts overcomes many of the difficulties previously encountered. We also highlight remaining challenges and discuss the environmental and biosafety issues involved in the use of this technology in agriculture.
植物介导的 RNA 干扰（RNAi）在作物保护中显示出巨大的潜力。它依赖于植物稳定表达双链 RNA（dsRNA），这些 dsRNA 靶向害虫中的必需基因。由于用传统的转基因技术在植物中产生足够量的稳定 dsRNA 被证明是困难的，因此该策略的实际应用具有挑战性。此外，许多昆虫对外源 dsRNA没有反应，要么降解它们，要么无法将它们导入细胞质。我们总结了 RNAi 介导的害虫防治的最新进展，并讨论了决定其功效的因素。在叶绿体中表达 dsRNA 克服了以前遇到的许多困难。我们还强调了仍然存在的挑战，并讨论了在农业中使用这项技术所涉及的环境和生物安全问题。
