Schuster Alexander Karl-Georg, Pfeiffer Norbert, Schulz Andreas, Hoehn René, Ponto Katharina A, Wild Philipp S, Blettner Maria, Beutel Manfred E, Lackner Karl J, Münzel Thomas, Mirshahi Alireza
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine / Center for Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017 Dec;255(12):2493-2501. doi: 10.1007/s00417-017-3775-x. Epub 2017 Aug 19.
Worldwide, the most frequent cause of visual impairment is uncorrected refractive error. This analysis focused on the distribution and associations of refractive, corneal and ocular residual astigmatism.
As part of the Gutenberg Health study, a population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the general population of Germany. A comprehensive ophthalmological examination including refraction, tonometry, and Scheimpflug imaging of the anterior cornea (Pachycam) was performed. In addition to the magnitude and type (with-the-rule, against-the-rule, oblique) of the refractive or corneal astigmatism, we calculated the vector components (J, J) of both astigmatisms and calculated the ocular residual astigmatism. We performed multiple quantile regression analysis to evaluate the factors associated with refractive, corneal and ocular residual astigmatisms.
A total of 13,558 subjects (49% female) with a mean age of 54.0 years (range 35-74 years) were included in this study. The prevalence of refractive astigmatism (>1.0D) was 13.0% in right eyes and 12.0% in left eyes, and 85% of these subjects wore spectacles. The distribution of refractive astigmatism showed a two-peak distribution with high astigmatism for with-the-rule and against-the-rule astigmatism. The associated factors were corneal curvature, age and sex for the different astigmatisms (p < 0.001).
We analyzed the prevalence of different astigmatisms within a European population. We confirmed a shift with aging from with-the-rule to against-the-rule astigmatism to refractive and corneal astigmatism. Astigmatism has a large impact on visual perception; more than 85% of people with astigmatism over one diopter wore glasses for distance vision.
在全球范围内，视力损害最常见的原因是未矫正的屈光不正。本分析聚焦于屈光、角膜和眼残余散光的分布及相关性。
作为古登堡健康研究的一部分，在德国普通人群中开展了一项基于人群的横断面研究。进行了包括验光、眼压测量以及前角膜（Pachycam）的Scheimpflug成像在内的全面眼科检查。除了屈光或角膜散光的度数和类型（顺规、逆规、斜向）外，我们计算了两种散光的矢量分量（J，J）并计算了眼残余散光。我们进行了多变量分位数回归分析，以评估与屈光、角膜和眼残余散光相关的因素。
本研究共纳入13558名受试者（49%为女性），平均年龄54.0岁（范围35 - 74岁）。右眼屈光散光（>1.0D）的患病率为13.0%，左眼为12.0%，其中85%的受试者佩戴眼镜。屈光散光的分布呈双峰分布，顺规和逆规散光的散光度数较高。不同散光的相关因素为角膜曲率、年龄和性别（p < 0.001）。
我们分析了欧洲人群中不同散光的患病率。我们证实随着年龄增长，散光类型从顺规向逆规转变，进而发展为屈光和角膜散光。散光对视觉感知有很大影响；超过85%的散光度数超过1屈光度的人佩戴眼镜用于远距离视力。
