Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Fonoaudiologia e Terapia Ocupacional, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Sep-Oct;84(5):574-582. doi: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2017.07.003. Epub 2017 Aug 2.
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and infections related to it can affect multiple sites in the hearing system. The use of High Activity Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) can cause side effects such as ototoxicity. Thus, no consistent patterns of hearing impairment in adults with Human Immunodeficiency Virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome have been established, and the problems that affect the hearing system of this population warrant further research.
This study aimed to compare the audiological and electrophysiological data of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive patients with and without Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome, who were receiving High Activity Anti-Retroviral Therapy, to healthy individuals.
It was a cross-sectional study conducted with 71 subjects (30-48 years old), divided into groups: Research Group I: 16 Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive individuals without Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (not receiving antiretroviral treatment); Research Group II: 25 Human Immunodeficiency Virus-positive individuals with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (receiving antiretroviral treatment); Control Group: 30 healthy subjects. All individuals were tested by pure-tone air conduction thresholds at 0.25-8kHz, extended high frequencies at 9-20kHz, electrophysiological tests (Auditory Brainstem Response, Middle Latency Responses, Cognitive Potential).
Research Group I and Research Group II had higher hearing thresholds in both conventional and high frequency audiometry when compared to the control group, prolonged latency of waves I, III, V and interpeak I-V in Auditory Brainstem Response and prolonged latency of P300 Cognitive Potential. Regarding Middle Latency Responses, there was a decrease in the amplitude of the Pa wave of Research Group II compared to the Research Group I.
Both groups with Human Immunodeficiency Virus had higher hearing thresholds when compared to healthy individuals (group exposed to antiretroviral treatment showed the worst hearing threshold) and seemed to have lower neuroelectric transmission speed along the auditory pathway in the brainstem, subcortical and cortical regions.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）及其相关感染可影响听觉系统的多个部位。高活性抗逆转录病毒疗法（HAART）的使用会引起耳毒性等副作用。因此，人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）成人的听力损伤模式并不一致，需要进一步研究影响该人群听力系统的问题。
本研究旨在比较正在接受高活性抗逆转录病毒治疗的 HIV 阳性患者和未感染 HIV 且未感染 AIDS 的患者与健康个体的听力和电生理数据。
这是一项横断面研究，共纳入 71 名（30-48 岁）受试者，分为以下三组：研究组 I：16 名未感染 AIDS 的 HIV 阳性个体（未接受抗逆转录病毒治疗）；研究组 II：25 名感染 AIDS 的 HIV 阳性个体（接受抗逆转录病毒治疗）；对照组：30 名健康受试者。所有个体均接受纯音空气传导阈值（0.25-8kHz）、扩展高频（9-20kHz）、电生理测试（听性脑干反应、中潜伏期反应、认知电位）检查。
与对照组相比，研究组 I 和研究组 II 的常规和高频听力测试均显示出更高的听力阈值，听性脑干反应中 I 波、III 波、V 波和峰间潜伏期 I-V 延长，P300 认知电位潜伏期延长。对于中潜伏期反应，研究组 II 的 Pa 波振幅较研究组 I 降低。
与健康个体相比，两组 HIV 患者的听力阈值均较高（暴露于抗逆转录病毒治疗的组显示出最差的听力阈值），且似乎沿脑干、皮质下和皮质听觉通路的神经电传递速度降低。
