Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health, GmbH, Research Unit Comparative Microbiome Analysis, Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Lab. Fisiología Vegetal, Facultad Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.
Labor Dr. Spranger & Partner, Lindberghstraße 9-13, 85051, Ingolstadt, Germany.
J Hazard Mater. 2018 Jan 15;342:85-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.006. Epub 2017 Aug 9.
Carbamazepine (CBZ) is a pharmaceutical frequently categorized as a recalcitrant pollutant in the aquatic environment. Endophytic bacteria previously isolated from reed plants have shown the ability to promote growth of their host and to contribute to CBZ metabolism. In this work, a horseradish (Armoracia rusticana) hairy root (HR) culture has been used as a plant model to study the interactions between roots and endophytic bacteria in response to CBZ exposure. HRs could remove up to 5% of the initial CBZ concentration when they were grown in spiked Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium. Higher removal rates were observed when HRs were inoculated with the endophytic bacteria Rhizobium radiobacter (21%) and Diaphorobacter nitroreducens (10%). Transformation products resulting from CBZ degradation were identified using liquid chromatography-ultra high-resolution quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-UHR-QTOF-MS). CBZ metabolism could be divided in four pathways. Metabolites involving GSH conjugation and 2,3-dihydroxylation, as well as acridine related compounds are described in plants for the first time. This study presents strong evidence that xenobiotic metabolism and degradation pathways in plants can be modulated by the interaction with their endophytic community. Hence it points to plausible applications for the elimination of recalcitrant compounds such as CBZ from wastewater in CWs.
卡马西平（CBZ）是一种在水环境中常被归类为难降解污染物的药物。先前从芦苇植物中分离出的内生细菌表现出促进宿主生长和参与 CBZ 代谢的能力。在这项工作中，辣根（Armoracia rusticana）毛状根（HR）培养物被用作植物模型，以研究根与内生细菌在 CBZ 暴露下的相互作用。当 HR 在添加有卡马西平的 Murashige 和 Skoog（MS）培养基中生长时，可去除高达初始 CBZ 浓度的 5%。当 HR 接种内生细菌 Rhizobium radiobacter（21%）和 Diaphorobacter nitroreducens（10%）时，去除率更高。使用液相色谱-超高分辨率四极杆飞行时间质谱（LC-UHR-QTOF-MS）鉴定 CBZ 降解产生的转化产物。CBZ 代谢可分为四条途径。植物中首次描述了涉及 GSH 缀合和 2,3-二羟基化以及吖啶相关化合物的代谢物。这项研究有力地证明了植物中外源生物代谢和降解途径可以通过与内生群落的相互作用来调节。因此，它为 CW 中从废水中消除 CBZ 等难降解化合物提供了合理的应用前景。
