Cloninger C R
Science. 1987 Apr 24;236(4800):410-6. doi: 10.1126/science.2882604.
Clinical, genetic, and neuropsychopharmacological studies of developmental factors in alcoholism are providing a better understanding of the neurobiological bases of personality and learning. Studies of the adopted-away children of alcoholics show that the predisposition to initiate alcohol-seeking behavior is genetically different from susceptibility to loss of control after drinking begins. Alcohol-seeking behavior is a special case of exploratory appetitive behavior and involves different neurogenetic processes than do susceptibility to behavioral tolerance and dependence on the antianxiety or sedative effects of alcohol. Three dimensions of personality have been described that may reflect individual differences in brain systems modulating the activation, maintenance, and inhibition of behavioral responses to the effects of alcohol and other environmental stimuli. These personality traits distinguish alcoholics with different patterns of behavioral, neurophysiological, and neuropharmacological responses to alcohol.
对酒精中毒发育因素的临床、遗传和神经精神药理学研究，正使人们对人格和学习的神经生物学基础有更深入的了解。对酗酒者被领养子女的研究表明，开始寻求酒精行为的易感性在基因上与饮酒开始后失去控制的易感性不同。寻求酒精行为是探索性食欲行为的一个特殊例子，并且涉及与对行为耐受性的易感性以及对酒精抗焦虑或镇静作用的依赖性不同的神经遗传过程。已经描述了人格的三个维度，它们可能反映了大脑系统在调节对酒精和其他环境刺激的行为反应的激活、维持和抑制方面的个体差异。这些人格特质区分了对酒精有不同行为、神经生理和神经药理反应模式的酗酒者。
