DeJesus Jasmine M, Hwang Hyesung G, Dautel Jocelyn B, Kinzler Katherine D
Department of Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2017 Dec;164:178-191. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2017.07.005. Epub 2017 Aug 18.
Past research finds that monolingual and bilingual children prefer native speakers to individuals who speak in unfamiliar foreign languages or accents. Do children in bilingual contexts socially distinguish among familiar languages and accents and, if so, how do their social preferences based on language and accent compare? The current experiments tested whether 5- to 7-year-olds in two bilingual contexts in the United States demonstrate social preferences among the languages and accents that are present in their social environments. We compared children's preferences based on language (i.e., English vs. their other native language) and their preferences based on accent (i.e., English with a native accent vs. English with a non-native [yet familiar] accent). In Experiment 1, children attending a French immersion school demonstrated no preference between English and French speakers but preferred American-accented English to French-accented English. In Experiment 2, bilingual Korean American children demonstrated no preference between English and Korean speakers but preferred American-accented English to Korean-accented English. Across studies, bilingual children's preferences based on accent (i.e., American-accented English over French- or Korean-accented English) were not related to their own language dominance. These results suggest that children from diverse linguistic backgrounds demonstrate social preferences for native-accented speakers. Implications for understanding the potential relation between social reasoning and language acquisition are discussed.
以往的研究发现,单语和双语儿童更喜欢母语者,而不是那些说陌生外语或带有陌生口音的人。在双语环境中的儿童是否会在熟悉的语言和口音之间进行社会区分?如果是这样,他们基于语言和口音的社会偏好有何不同?当前的实验测试了美国两种双语环境中的5至7岁儿童是否会在其社会环境中存在的语言和口音之间表现出社会偏好。我们比较了儿童基于语言的偏好(即英语与他们的另一种母语)以及基于口音的偏好(即带有母语口音的英语与带有非母语[但熟悉]口音的英语)。在实验1中,就读于法语沉浸式学校的儿童在说英语和说法语的人之间没有表现出偏好,但更喜欢带有美国口音的英语,而不是带有法国口音的英语。在实验2中,韩裔美国双语儿童在说英语和说韩语的人之间没有表现出偏好,但更喜欢带有美国口音的英语,而不是带有韩国口音的英语。在各项研究中,双语儿童基于口音的偏好(即带有美国口音的英语优于带有法国或韩国口音的英语)与他们自身的语言优势无关。这些结果表明,来自不同语言背景的儿童对带有母语口音的人表现出社会偏好。文中还讨论了这些结果对于理解社会推理与语言习得之间潜在关系的意义。