“美国人=讲英语的人”先于“美国人=白人”：儿童关于国籍的推理发展。
"American = English Speaker" Before "American = White": The Development of Children's Reasoning About Nationality.
机构信息
University of Michigan.
Washington University in St. Louis.
出版信息
Child Dev. 2018 Sep;89(5):1752-1767. doi: 10.1111/cdev.12845. Epub 2017 May 24.
Adults implicitly judge people from certain social backgrounds as more "American" than others. This study tests the development of children's reasoning about nationality and social categories. Children across cultures (White and Korean American children in the United States, Korean children in South Korea) judged the nationality of individuals varying in race and language. Across cultures, 5- to 6-year-old children (N = 100) categorized English speakers as "American" and Korean speakers as "Korean" regardless of race, suggesting that young children prioritize language over race when thinking about nationality. Nine- and 10-year-olds (N = 181) attended to language and race and their nationality judgments varied across cultures. These results suggest that associations between nationality and social category membership emerge early in life and are shaped by cultural context.
成年人会潜意识地认为某些社会背景的人比其他人更“美国化”。本研究检验了儿童对国籍和社会类别的推理发展。来自不同文化的儿童（美国的白人和韩裔美国儿童、韩国的韩国儿童）对不同种族和语言的个体的国籍进行了判断。在所有文化中，5 至 6 岁的儿童（N=100）将讲英语的人归类为“美国人”，将讲韩语的人归类为“韩国人”，而不论其种族如何，这表明幼儿在思考国籍时更倾向于语言而不是种族。9 岁和 10 岁的儿童（N=181）关注语言和种族，他们的国籍判断因文化而异。这些结果表明，国籍与社会类别成员之间的关联早在生命早期就出现了，并受到文化背景的影响。
Zotero 插件