Medical University Graz, Internal Medicine, Graz, Austria; BioTechMed, Graz, Austria.
Medical University Graz, Internal Medicine, Graz, Austria.
Trends Microbiol. 2018 Jan;26(1):70-85. doi: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.07.004. Epub 2017 Aug 18.
Recent findings have shaken our picture of the biology of the archaea and revealed novel traits beyond archaeal extremophily and supposed 'primitiveness'. The archaea constitute a considerable fraction of the Earth's ecosystems, and their potential to shape their surroundings by a profound interaction with their biotic and abiotic environment has been recognized. Moreover, archaea have been identified as a substantial component, or even as keystone species, in complex microbiomes - in the environment or accompanying a holobiont. Species of the Euryarchaeota (methanogens, halophiles) and Thaumarchaeota, in particular, have the capacity to coexist in plant, animal, and human microbiomes, where syntrophy allows them to thrive under energy-deficiency stress. Due to methodological limitations, the archaeome remains mysterious, and many questions with respect to potential pathogenicity, function, and structural interactions with their host and other microorganisms remain.
最近的发现动摇了我们对古菌生物学的认识，揭示了除古菌极端嗜性和所谓的“原始性”之外的新特征。古菌构成了地球生态系统的重要组成部分，它们通过与生物和非生物环境的深刻相互作用来塑造周围环境的潜力已经得到认可。此外，古菌已被确定为复杂微生物组中的一个重要组成部分，甚至是关键物种——无论是在环境中还是伴随着整个生物体。特别是广古菌门（产甲烷菌、嗜盐菌）和泉古菌门的物种有能力在植物、动物和人类微生物组中共存，其中共生使它们能够在能量缺乏的压力下茁壮成长。由于方法学上的限制，古菌组仍然是神秘的，许多关于其潜在致病性、功能以及与宿主和其他微生物的结构相互作用的问题仍然存在。
