Hennessee Joseph P, Castel Alan D, Knowlton Barbara J
University of California Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 90095, USA.
J Mem Lang. 2017 Jun;94:195-205. doi: 10.1016/j.jml.2016.12.004. Epub 2017 Jan 6.
We examined the effects of value on recognition by assessing its contribution to recollection and familiarity. In three experiments, participants studied English words, each associated with a point-value they would earn for correct recognition, with the goal of maximizing their score. In Experiment 1, participants provided Remember/Know judgments. In Experiment 2 participants indicated whether items were recollected or if not, their degree of familiarity along a 6-point scale. In Experiment 3, recognition of words was accompanied by a test of memory for incidental details. Across all experiments, participants were more likely to recognize items with higher point-value. Furthermore, value appeared to primarily enhance recollection, as effects on familiarity were small and not consistent across experiments. Recollection of high-value items appears to be accompanied by fewer incidental details, suggesting that value increases focus on items at the expense of irrelevant information.
我们通过评估价值对回忆和熟悉度的贡献，研究了价值对识别的影响。在三个实验中，参与者学习英语单词，每个单词都与他们正确识别后将获得的分值相关联，目标是使他们的分数最大化。在实验1中，参与者提供“记得/知道”判断。在实验2中，参与者指出项目是否被回忆起来，如果没有，则沿着6分制表明他们的熟悉程度。在实验3中，对单词的识别伴随着对附带细节的记忆测试。在所有实验中，参与者更有可能识别分值较高的项目。此外，价值似乎主要增强了回忆，因为对熟悉度的影响较小且在各实验中不一致。对高价值项目的回忆似乎伴随着较少的附带细节，这表明价值增加了对项目的关注，以牺牲无关信息为代价。
