Rodríguez Angelina, Ortega Arturo
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Centro Universitario, Querétaro, México.
Departamento de Toxicología, Cinvestav-IPN, Apartado Postal 14-740, México, DF, 07360, México.
Adv Neurobiol. 2017;16:169-183. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-55769-4_8.
Glial glutamine and glutamate transporters play an important role in glial/neuronal interactions. An excellent model to establish the role of these membrane proteins is the cerebellum. The most abundant glutamatergic synapse in the central nervous system is present in the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex, and it is entirely wrapped by Bergmann glial cells. The recycling of glutamate involves glutamate and glutamine transporters enriched in these radial glial processes. The functional properties of amino acid glial transporters allow, in an activity-dependent manner, the conformation of protein complexes important for the adequate support of glutamatergic neurotransmission. A detailed description of the most important features of glial glutamate and glutamine transporters follows, and a working model of the molecular mechanisms by which these glutamate and glutamine binding proteins interact, and by these means might modulate cerebellar glutamatergic transactions, is presented.
胶质谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸转运体在胶质细胞与神经元的相互作用中发挥着重要作用。小脑是用于确定这些膜蛋白作用的一个极佳模型。中枢神经系统中最丰富的谷氨酸能突触存在于小脑皮质的分子层，并且完全被伯格曼胶质细胞所包裹。谷氨酸的再循环涉及富集于这些放射状胶质细胞突起中的谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺转运体。氨基酸胶质转运体的功能特性以活动依赖的方式使对谷氨酸能神经传递的充分支持至关重要的蛋白质复合物形成特定构象。以下对胶质谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺转运体的最重要特征进行详细描述，并展示这些谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺结合蛋白相互作用的分子机制工作模型，以及通过这些方式可能调节小脑谷氨酸能传递过程的工作模型。
