Shipley Gerhard P, Taylor Diana A, N'Yeurt Antoine D R, Tyagi Anand, Tiwari Geetanjali, Redd Alan J
1 Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
2 Pacific Centre for Environment and Sustainable Development (PaCE-SD), University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji.
Hum Biol. 2016 Jul;88(3):232-244. doi: 10.13110/humanbiology.88.3.0232.
We present the most comprehensive genetic characterization to date of five Fijian island populations: Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Kadavu, the Lau Islands, and Rotuma, including nonrecombinant Y (NRY) chromosome and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes and haplogroups. As a whole, Fijians are genetically intermediate between Melanesians and Polynesians, but the individual Fijian island populations exhibit significant genetic structure reflecting different settlement experiences in which the Rotumans and the Lau Islanders were more influenced by Polynesians, and the other Fijian island populations were more influenced by Melanesians. In particular, Rotuman and Lau Islander NRY chromosomal and mtDNA haplogroup frequencies and Rotuman mtDNA hypervariable segment 1 region haplotypes more closely resemble those of Polynesians, while genetic markers of the other populations more closely resemble those of the Near Oceanic Melanesians. Our findings provide genetic evidence supportive of modifying regional boundaries relative to Fiji, as has been suggested by others based on a variety of nongenetic evidence. Specifically, for the traditional Melanesia/Polynesia/Micronesia scheme, our findings support moving the Melanesia-Polynesia boundary to include Rotuma and the Lau Islands in Polynesia. For the newer Near/Remote Oceania scheme, our findings support keeping Rotuma and the Lau Islands in Remote Oceania and locating the other Fijian island populations in an intermediate or "Central Oceania" region to better reflect the great diversity of Oceania.
维提岛、瓦努阿岛、卡达武岛、劳群岛和罗图马岛，包括非重组Y（NRY）染色体以及线粒体DNA（mtDNA）单倍型和单倍群。总体而言，斐济人在基因上处于美拉尼西亚人和波利尼西亚人之间，但各个斐济岛屿群体呈现出显著的基因结构，反映了不同的定居经历，其中罗图马人和劳群岛居民受波利尼西亚人的影响更大，而其他斐济岛屿群体受美拉尼西亚人的影响更大。特别是，罗图马人和劳群岛居民的NRY染色体及mtDNA单倍群频率，以及罗图马人mtDNA高变区1区域的单倍型，与波利尼西亚人更为相似，而其他群体的基因标记则与近大洋洲美拉尼西亚人更为相似。我们的研究结果提供了基因证据，支持如其他人基于各种非基因证据所建议的那样，修改与斐济相关的区域边界。具体而言，对于传统的美拉尼西亚/波利尼西亚/密克罗尼西亚划分方案，我们的研究结果支持将美拉尼西亚 - 波利尼西亚边界移动，把罗图马岛和劳群岛纳入波利尼西亚。对于更新的近大洋洲/远大洋洲划分方案，我们的研究结果支持将罗图马岛和劳群岛保留在远大洋洲，并将其他斐济岛屿群体定位在一个中间或“中大洋洲”区域，以更好地反映大洋洲的巨大多样性。
