Thomas Roger E, Thomas Bennett C, Vaska Marcus M
a Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre , University of Calgary , Calgary , Canada.
b Independent Researcher , Calgary , Canada.
Phys Sportsmed. 2017 Nov;45(4):372-390. doi: 10.1080/00913847.2017.1369193. Epub 2017 Sep 8.
Assess rates/1000athletic encounters(AE) in Taekwondo of injuries/age/gender/type/location.
Searches in 17 electronic, 7 grey-literature databases. Two researchers independently assessed Abstracts/titles and abstracted data. Risk-of-bias assessed with Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Rates/1000AE computed, weighted by study sizes.
Eighteen studies included 3 Olympic, 4 world, 1 European, 13 national, 10 provincial and one national school competition. Seventeen studies provided an injury definition and recorded injuries on forms. Rates are average rate/1000AE, weighted by study size. For ten studies which provided rates by gender, rate for males(n = 9,286) was 58/1000AE and females(n = 3,720) 52.7/1000AE. For six studies which provided data on injuries/1000minutes/exposure by gender rate for males(n = 6,885) was 10.7/1000minutes/exposure and for females(n = 2,539) 10.4. For two studies which provided data by age and gender, rate for males 11-13 years(n = 949) was 29.6, 14-17(n = 512) 53.1 and ≥18(n = 711) 40.7, and for females 11-13 years(n = 472) 30.5, 14-17(n = 338) 72 and ≥18(n = 240) 37.5. For eight studies which provided injury location rates by gender rate for all ages for males(n = 5,856) for head/neck injuries was 13.3, torso 4.2, upper-extremity 9.4 and lower-extremity 21.7 and females(n = 2,126) for head/neck injuries was 14.2, torso 3.1, upper-extremity 7.3 and lower-extremity 26.6. For nine studies which provided injury type rates by gender, rate for all ages for males(n = 7,509) for abrasions/contusions/lacerations was 37.5, for sprains/strains 10.3 and fractures 5.9, and for females(n = 2,852) for abrasions/contusions/lacerations 27.9, for sprains/strains 8.7 and fractures 3.8. For concussions for eight studies for males(n = 9,078) rate was 13.3 and females(n = 3628) 11.4. The majority of injuries occurred to the lower extremities, and in defence (61%).
There are published data on 20,210 Taekweondo competitors. Only 8/18 studies reported prior injuries. Longitudinal studies are needed of injuries, ascertainment of causes, identify participants with higher rates, measure the results of preventive measures, rule change to exclude head kicks, and encourage non-contact Taekwondo especially for participants with high injury rates.
评估跆拳道运动中每1000次运动接触（AE）的损伤发生率、损伤与年龄、性别、类型及部位的关系。
检索17个电子数据库和7个灰色文献数据库。两名研究人员独立评估摘要/标题并提取数据。采用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估偏倚风险。计算每1000次AE的发生率，并按研究规模加权。
18项研究涵盖3次奥运会、4次世界、1次欧洲、13次全国、10次省级和1次全国学校比赛。17项研究给出了损伤定义并在表格中记录损伤情况。发生率为每1000次AE的平均发生率，按研究规模加权。在提供按性别划分发生率的10项研究中，男性（n = 9286）的发生率为58/1000AE，女性（n = 3720）为52.7/1000AE。在提供按性别划分的每1000分钟/暴露时间损伤数据的6项研究中，男性（n = 6885）的发生率为10.7/1000分钟/暴露时间，女性（n = 2539）为10.4。在提供按年龄和性别划分数据的2项研究中，11 - 13岁男性（n = 949）的发生率为29.6，14 - 17岁（n = 512）为53.1，≥18岁（n = 711）为40.7；女性11 - 13岁（n = 472）为30.5，14 - 17岁（n = 338）为72，≥18岁（n = 240）为37.5。在提供按性别划分损伤部位发生率的8项研究中，所有年龄段男性（n = 5856）头部/颈部损伤发生率为13.3，躯干为4.2，上肢为9.4，下肢为21.7；女性（n = 2126）头部/颈部损伤发生率为14.2，躯干为3.1，上肢为7.3，下肢为26.6。在提供按性别划分损伤类型发生率的9项研究中，所有年龄段男性（n = 7509）擦伤/挫伤/撕裂伤发生率为37.5，扭伤/拉伤为10.3，骨折为5.9；女性（n = 2852）擦伤/挫伤/撕裂伤发生率为27.9，扭伤/拉伤为8.7，骨折为3.8。在8项关于脑震荡的研究中，男性（n = 9078）发生率为13.3，女性（n = 3628）为11.4。大多数损伤发生在下肢，且发生在防守动作中（61%）。
有关于20210名跆拳道参赛者的已发表数据。18项研究中只有8项报告了既往损伤情况。需要开展关于损伤的纵向研究，确定损伤原因，识别发生率较高的参与者，评估预防措施的效果，修改规则以禁止头部踢击，并鼓励开展非接触式跆拳道，特别是对于损伤发生率高的参与者。
