nutriFOODchem unit, Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, partner in Food2Know, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University , Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
Directorate of Food Safety, Tanzania Food and Drugs Authority , P.O. Box 77150, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
J Agric Food Chem. 2017 Aug 23;65(33):7106-7114. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03429. Epub 2016 Nov 23.
This study estimated exposure to multiple mycotoxins in 249 infants aged between 6 and 12 months in three agro-ecological zones of Tanzania. Maize-based complementary food intakes were estimated using two 24 h dietary recalls. Using @Risk software, probabilistic exposure assessment was conducted by modeling maize intake data (kg/kg body weight/day) with previously determined multiple mycotoxin (except for ochratoxin A (OTA) and zearalenone (ZEA), present in only a few samples) contamination data (μg/kg) in maize. Maize intakes ranged from 0.13 to 185 g/child/day (average = 59 ± 36 g/child/day). The estimated mean exposures were higher for aflatoxins (6-fold), fumonisins (3-fold), and deoxynivalenol (2-fold) than health-based guidance values of 0.017 ng/kg body weight/day, 2 μg/kg body weight/day, and 1 μg/kg body weight/day, respectively. The population at risk of exposures above the limits of health concern ranged from 12% for HT-2 toxin through 35% for deoxynivalenol to 100% for aflatoxins. The exposure varied among the agro-ecological zones. Strategies targeting multiple mycotoxins in maize are urgently needed to minimize exposures in Tanzania.
本研究估计了坦桑尼亚三个农业生态区 249 名 6-12 个月大婴儿接触多种霉菌毒素的情况。采用两次 24 小时膳食回忆法估计了基于玉米的补充食品摄入量。使用@Risk 软件，通过对玉米中先前确定的多种霉菌毒素（除赭曲霉毒素 A（OTA）和玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）外，这些毒素仅存在于少数样本中）污染数据（μg/kg）与玉米摄入量数据（kg/kg 体重/天）进行建模，对概率暴露评估进行了分析。儿童每日的玉米摄入量范围为 0.13 至 185 克/人（平均为 59 ± 36 克/人）。与分别为 0.017ng/kg 体重/天、2μg/kg 体重/天和 1μg/kg 体重/天的基于健康的指导值相比，黄曲霉毒素（6 倍）、伏马菌素（3 倍）和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（2 倍）的估计平均暴露量更高。接触量超过健康关注限值的人群比例，从 HT-2 毒素的 12%到脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的 35%，再到黄曲霉毒素的 100%不等。暴露情况在农业生态区之间存在差异。坦桑尼亚迫切需要针对玉米中多种霉菌毒素的策略，以尽量减少接触量。
