Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy.
Dig Liver Dis. 2017 Nov;49(11):1177-1184. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2017.07.011. Epub 2017 Aug 1.
Probiotics are used all over the world as their beneficial effects on the human organism have been widely demonstrated. Certain probiotics can down-regulate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and promote intestinal epithelial barrier functions, increasing an anti-inflammatory response and contributing to the host's overall health. The main mechanisms by which probiotic microorganisms can interact with the host are by modulating the immune system and the epithelial cell functions and interacting with intestinal gut microbiota. To date, hundreds of different microorganisms are used for the formulation of numerous probiotic products; therefore, it is very difficult to choose the best probiotic product for specific or more general needs. Therefore, physicians are getting more and more confused due to the high number of commercial products which are often lacking healthy effects on the host. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to demonstrate the main characteristics that probiotic microorganisms and products should possess to have a positive impact on the host's health. To this purpose, this review suggests "10 golden rules" or "commandments" that clinicians should follow to properly select the optimal probiotic product and avoid misidentifications, mislabelling and "pie in the sky" stories.
益生菌在全球范围内被广泛应用，因为它们对人体的有益作用已得到广泛证实。某些益生菌可以下调促炎细胞因子的产生，并促进肠道上皮屏障功能，增加抗炎反应，有助于宿主的整体健康。益生菌微生物与宿主相互作用的主要机制是通过调节免疫系统和上皮细胞功能，并与肠道肠道微生物群相互作用。迄今为止，已有数百种不同的微生物被用于许多益生菌产品的配方，因此，很难为特定或更一般的需求选择最佳的益生菌产品。因此，由于大量商业产品往往对宿主没有健康影响，医生们越来越感到困惑。因此，本文旨在展示益生菌微生物和产品应具备的主要特征，以对宿主健康产生积极影响。为此，本综述提出了“10 条黄金法则”或“戒律”，临床医生应遵循这些法则来正确选择最佳的益生菌产品，并避免错误识别、错误标签和“画饼充饥”的故事。
