Aggio Daniel, Gardner Benjamin, Roberts Justin, Johnstone James, Stubbs Brendon, Williams Genevieve, López Sánchez Guillermo Felipe, Smith Lee
Physical Activity Research Group, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
Prev Med Rep. 2017 Aug 5;8:10-14. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.07.007. eCollection 2017 Dec.
Time spent outdoors is associated with higher levels of physical activity. To date, correlates of independent outdoor play have not been investigated. This study aimed to identify potential demographic, behavioural, environmental and social correlates of children's independent outdoor play. Data were from the Millennium Cohort Study when children were aged 7 years. Parents reported whether their children played out unsupervised (yes/no) as well as the above mentioned correlates of unsupervised outdoor play. Children's physical activity levels were measured using waist worn accelerometry. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine associations between correlates and odds of independent (unsupervised) outdoor play. Adjusted multiple linear regression was used to estimate associations between independent outdoor play and objective measures of physical activity. Activity was measured as average daily moderate-to-vigorous activity, steps, and sedentary behaviour. 3856 ( = 29%) participants were categorised as engaging in independent outdoor play. Older age, being white British, being in poverty, living in close proximity to both family friends and family, having fewer internalising problems, having more externalising conduct problems and fewer pro-social behaviours were associated with higher odds of independent outdoor play. Independent outdoor play was associated with > 2 additional minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity (B = 2.21 95% CI, 1.09 to 3.34), > 330 additional steps per day (B = 336.66 95% CI 209.80 to 463.51), and nearly 5 min less time spent sedentary per day (B = - 4.91 95% CI - 7.54, - 2.29) Younger children, those from a higher socio-economic-status, those isolated in location from family friends and family, and those with high levels of prosocial behaviour have lower levels of independent outdoor play. Independent outdoor play was associated with higher levels of physical activity and less time sedentary. Future interventions to promote independent outdoor play should target such populations.
户外活动时间与更高水平的身体活动相关。迄今为止，尚未对独立户外玩耍的相关因素进行调查。本研究旨在确定儿童独立户外玩耍的潜在人口统计学、行为、环境和社会相关因素。数据来自千禧队列研究中儿童7岁时的情况。家长报告了他们的孩子是否在无人监管的情况下外出玩耍（是/否）以及上述无人监管户外玩耍的相关因素。使用佩戴在腰部的加速度计测量儿童的身体活动水平。采用多元逻辑回归来检验相关因素与独立（无人监管）户外玩耍几率之间的关联。使用调整后的多元线性回归来估计独立户外玩耍与身体活动客观测量指标之间的关联。活动以平均每日中度至剧烈活动、步数和久坐行为来衡量。3856名（n = 29%）参与者被归类为参与独立户外玩耍。年龄较大、为英国白人、处于贫困状态、与家人朋友和家人居住距离较近、内化问题较少、外化行为问题较多以及亲社会行为较少与独立户外玩耍的较高几率相关。独立户外玩耍与中度至剧烈活动增加2分钟以上（B = 2.21，95%置信区间，1.09至3.34）、每天额外增加330步以上（B = 336.66，95%置信区间209.80至463.51）以及每天久坐时间减少近5分钟（B = -4.91，95%置信区间-7.54，-2.29）相关。年龄较小的儿童、来自较高社会经济地位的儿童、在地理位置上与家人朋友和家人隔离的儿童以及亲社会行为水平较高的儿童独立户外玩耍水平较低。独立户外玩耍与较高水平的身体活动和较少的久坐时间相关。未来促进独立户外玩耍的干预措施应针对此类人群。
