Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China.
Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:8201672. doi: 10.1155/2017/8201672. Epub 2017 Aug 2.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which encompasses ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a complicated, uncontrolled, and multifactorial disorder characterized by chronic, relapsing, or progressive inflammatory conditions that may involve the entire gastrointestinal tract. The protracted nature has imposed enormous economic burdens on patients with IBD, and the treatment is far from optimal due to the currently limited comprehension of IBD pathogenesis. In spite of the exact etiology still remaining an enigma, four identified components, including personal genetic susceptibility, external environment, internal gut microbiota, and the host immune response, are responsible for IBD pathogenesis, and compelling evidence has suggested that IBD may be triggered by aberrant and continuing immune responses to gut microbiota in genetically susceptibility individuals. The past decade has witnessed the flourishing of research on genetics, gut microbiota, and immunity in patients with IBD. Therefore, in this review, we will comprehensively exhibit a series of novel findings and update the major advances regarding these three fields. Undoubtedly, these novel findings have opened a new horizon and shed bright light on the causality research of IBD.
炎症性肠病（IBD）包括溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和克罗恩病（CD），是一种复杂的、不受控制的、多因素疾病，其特征为慢性、复发性或进行性炎症，可能累及整个胃肠道。由于目前对 IBD 发病机制的理解有限，这种迁延不愈的性质给 IBD 患者带来了巨大的经济负担，治疗效果远不理想。尽管确切的病因仍然是个谜，但已确定的四个因素，包括个体的遗传易感性、外部环境、肠道内微生物群和宿主免疫反应，与 IBD 的发病机制有关，有强有力的证据表明，IBD 可能是由遗传易感性个体对肠道微生物群的异常和持续免疫反应引起的。在过去的十年中，IBD 患者的遗传学、肠道微生物群和免疫学研究蓬勃发展。因此，在这篇综述中，我们将全面展示一系列新的发现，并更新这三个领域的主要进展。这些新发现无疑为 IBD 的因果关系研究开辟了新的视野，并带来了新的曙光。
