Gómez-Hernández César, Bento Elaine C, Rezende-Oliveira Karine, Nascentes Gabriel A N, Barbosa Cecilia G, Batista Lara R, Tiburcio Monique G S, Pedrosa André L, Lages-Silva Eliane, Ramírez Juan D, Ramirez Luis E
Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro,Uberaba,Minas Gerais,Brazil.
Centro de Educação Profissional - CEFORES,Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro,Uberaba,Minas Gerais,Brazil.
Parasitology. 2017 Dec;144(14):1980-1986. doi: 10.1017/S0031182017001500. Epub 2017 Aug 23.
Leishmaniasis is a complex of zoonotic diseases caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, which can develop in domestic as well as wild animals and humans throughout the world. Currently, this disease is spreading in rural and urban areas of non-endemic regions in Brazil. Recently, bats have gained epidemiological significance in leishmaniasis due to its close relationship with human settlements. In this study, we investigated the presence of Leishmania spp. DNA in blood samples from 448 bats belonging to four families representing 20 species that were captured in the Triangulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaiba areas of Minas Gerais State (non-endemic areas for leishmaniasis), Brazil. Leishmania spp. DNA was detected in 8·0% of the blood samples, 41·6% of which were Leishmania infantum, 38·9% Leishmania amazonensis and 19·4% Leishmania braziliensis. No positive correlation was found between Leishmania spp. and bat food source. The species with more infection rates were the insectivorous bats Eumops perotis; 22·2% (4/18) of which tested positive for Leishmania DNA. The presence of Leishmania in the bat blood samples, as observed in this study, represents epidemiological importance due to the absence of Leishmaniasis cases in the region.
利什曼病是由利什曼原虫属寄生虫引起的一组人畜共患病，可在世界各地的家养动物、野生动物和人类中发生。目前，这种疾病正在巴西非流行地区的农村和城市蔓延。最近，由于蝙蝠与人类住区关系密切，它们在利什曼病流行病学中具有重要意义。在本研究中，我们调查了来自巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州三角矿区和上巴拉那伊巴地区（利什曼病非流行区）捕获的448只蝙蝠的血液样本中利什曼原虫属DNA的存在情况。这些蝙蝠分属四个科，代表20个物种。在8.0%的血液样本中检测到利什曼原虫属DNA，其中41.6%为婴儿利什曼原虫，38.9%为亚马逊利什曼原虫，19.4%为巴西利什曼原虫。未发现利什曼原虫属与蝙蝠食物来源之间存在正相关。感染率较高的物种是食虫蝙蝠犬吻蝠；其中22.2%（4/18）的蝙蝠利什曼原虫DNA检测呈阳性。如本研究中所观察到的，蝙蝠血液样本中存在利什曼原虫，由于该地区没有利什曼病病例，这具有流行病学意义。
