Nazario-Yepiz Nestor O, Loustalot-Laclette Mariana Ramirez, Carpinteyro-Ponce Javier, Abreu-Goodger Cei, Markow Therese Ann
Laboratorio Nacional de la Genomica de Biodiversidad, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2017 Aug 23;12(8):e0183007. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183007. eCollection 2017.
We utilized three ecologically diverse Drosophila species to explore the influence of ecological adaptation on transcriptomic responses to isocaloric diets differing in their relative proportions of protein to sugar. Drosophila melanogaster, a cosmopolitan species that breeds in decaying fruit, exemplifies individuals long exposed to a Western diet higher in sugar, while the natural diet of the cactophilic D. mojavensis, is much lower in carbohydrates. Drosophila arizonae, the sister species of D. mojavensis, is largely cactophilic, but also utilizes rotting fruits that are higher in sugars than cacti. We exposed third instar larvae for 24 hours to diets either (1) high in protein relative to sugar, (2) diets with equal amounts of protein and sugar, and (3) diets low in protein but high in sugar. As we predicted, based upon earlier interspecific studies of development and metabolism, the most extreme differences in gene expression under different dietary conditions were found in D. mojavensis followed by D. arizonae. No differential expression among diets was observed for D. melanogaster, a species that survives well under all three conditions, with little impact on its metabolism. We suggest that these three species together provide a model to examine individual and population differences in vulnerability to lifestyle-associated health problems such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes.
我们利用了三种生态环境不同的果蝇物种，来探究生态适应性对转录组响应等热量饮食的影响，这些饮食中蛋白质与糖的相对比例各不相同。黑腹果蝇是一种在腐烂水果中繁殖的世界性物种，代表了长期接触高糖西方饮食的个体，而嗜仙人掌的莫哈韦果蝇的天然饮食中碳水化合物含量要低得多。亚利桑那果蝇是莫哈韦果蝇的姐妹物种，主要嗜食仙人掌，但也会利用含糖量比仙人掌更高的腐烂水果。我们将三龄幼虫暴露于以下三种饮食中24小时：（1）蛋白质相对于糖含量高的饮食，（2）蛋白质和糖含量相等的饮食，以及（3）蛋白质含量低但糖含量高的饮食。正如我们根据早期关于发育和代谢的种间研究所预测的那样，在不同饮食条件下，基因表达差异最大的是莫哈韦果蝇，其次是亚利桑那果蝇。对于黑腹果蝇，在所有三种条件下都能良好存活且对其代谢影响很小，未观察到不同饮食之间的差异表达。我们认为，这三个物种共同提供了一个模型，用于研究在易患与生活方式相关的健康问题（如代谢综合征和糖尿病）方面的个体和种群差异。
