Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Ophthalmology, Petz Aladár Hospital, Győr, Hungary.
Acta Ophthalmol. 2018 Mar;96(2):168-173. doi: 10.1111/aos.13542. Epub 2017 Aug 21.
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and causes of blindness, severe visual impairment (SVI), moderate visual impairment (MVI), and early visual impairment (EVI) and its causes in an established market economy of Europe.
A cross-sectional population-based survey.
A sample size of 3675 was calculated using the standard Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) software in Hungary. A total of 105 clusters of 35 people aged 50 years or older were randomly selected with probability proportionate to size by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. Households within the clusters were selected using compact segment sampling. Visual acuity (VA) was assessed with a Snellen tumbling E-chart with or without a pinhole in the households.
The adjusted prevalences of bilateral blindness, SVI, MVI and EVI were 0.9% (95% CI: 0.6-1.2), 0.5% (95% CI: 0.2-0.7), 5.1% (95% CI: 4.3-5.9) and 6.9% (95% CI: 5.9-7.9), respectively. The major causes of blindness in Hungary were age-related macular degeneration (AMD; 27.3%) and other posterior segment diseases (27.3%), cataract (21.2%) and glaucoma (12.1%). Cataract was the main cause of SVI, MVI and EVI. Cataract surgical coverage (CSC) was 90.7%. Of all bilateral blindness in Hungary, 45.5% was considered avoidable.
This study proved that RAAB methodology can be successfully conducted in industrialized countries, which often lack reliable epidemiologic data. The prevalence of blindness was relatively low, with AMD and other posterior segment diseases being the leading causes, and cataract is still a significant cause of visual impairment.
本研究旨在评估一个既定的欧洲市场经济体中失明、重度视力损害（SVI）、中度视力损害（MVI）和早期视力损害（EVI）的患病率及其病因。
一项基于人群的横断面研究。
使用匈牙利的标准快速评估可避免盲（RAAB）软件计算出 3675 人的样本量。匈牙利中央统计局采用按大小成比例的概率随机选择了 105 个 35 岁及以上人群的 35 人聚类。在聚类内，采用紧凑段抽样选择家庭。使用 Snellen 滚动 E 图表在家庭中评估视力（VA），并可选择带有或不带有针孔。
双侧失明、SVI、MVI 和 EVI 的调整患病率分别为 0.9%（95%CI：0.6-1.2）、0.5%（95%CI：0.2-0.7）、5.1%（95%CI：4.3-5.9）和 6.9%（95%CI：5.9-7.9）。匈牙利失明的主要原因是年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD；27.3%）和其他后段疾病（27.3%）、白内障（21.2%）和青光眼（12.1%）。白内障是 SVI、MVI 和 EVI 的主要原因。白内障手术覆盖率（CSC）为 90.7%。匈牙利所有双侧失明中，45.5%被认为是可避免的。
本研究证明 RAAB 方法学可成功应用于通常缺乏可靠流行病学数据的工业化国家。失明的患病率相对较低，AMD 和其他后段疾病是主要原因，白内障仍然是视力损害的重要原因。
