Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University/Karolinska Institutet, Sveavägen 160, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Int J Public Health. 2018 Jan;63(1):41-48. doi: 10.1007/s00038-017-1029-7. Epub 2017 Aug 23.
To assess the level and changes in contribution of smoking and alcohol-related mortality to educational differences in life expectancy in Sweden.
We used register data on the Swedish population at ages 30-74 during 1991-2008. Cause of death was used to identify alcohol-related deaths, while smoking-related mortality was estimated using lung cancer mortality to indirectly assess the impact of smoking on all-cause mortality.
Alcohol consumption and smoking contributed to educational differences in life expectancy. Alcohol-related mortality was higher among men and contributed substantially to inequalities among men and made a small (but increasing) contribution to inequalities among women. Smoking-related mortality decreased among men but increased among women, primarily among the low educated. At the end of the follow-up, smoking-related mortality were at similar levels among men and women. The widening gap in life expectancy among women could largely be attributed to smoking.
Smoking and alcohol consumption contribute to educational differences in life expectancy among men and women. The majority of the widening in the educational gap in mortality among women can be attributed to alcohol and smoking-related mortality.
评估吸烟和与酒精相关的死亡率对瑞典预期寿命中教育差异的贡献水平及其变化。
我们使用了 1991-2008 年期间年龄在 30-74 岁的瑞典人群的登记数据。死因被用来识别与酒精相关的死亡，而通过肺癌死亡率来间接评估吸烟对全因死亡率的影响，以此来估计与吸烟相关的死亡率。
酒精摄入和吸烟导致了预期寿命中教育差异的存在。男性的酒精相关死亡率更高，这对男性之间的不平等产生了重大影响，并对女性之间的不平等产生了较小（但在增加）的影响。男性的吸烟相关死亡率下降，而女性的吸烟相关死亡率上升，主要是在受教育程度较低的人群中。在随访结束时，男性和女性的吸烟相关死亡率水平相当。女性预期寿命差距的扩大在很大程度上归因于吸烟。
吸烟和饮酒会导致男性和女性预期寿命中教育差异的出现。女性在死亡率方面的教育差距扩大，主要归因于与酒精和吸烟相关的死亡率。
