Lühder Fred, Reichardt Holger M
Institute of Neuroimmunology and Institute for Multiple Sclerosis Research, University Medical Centre Goettingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
Institute for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany.
Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Aug 24;18(9):1836. doi: 10.3390/ijms18091836.
Glucocorticoids (GC) are one of the most popular and versatile classes of drugs available to treat chronic inflammation and cancer, but side effects and resistance constrain their use. To overcome these hurdles, which are often related to the uniform tissue distribution of free GC and their short half-life in biological fluids, new delivery vehicles have been developed including PEGylated liposomes, polymeric micelles, polymer-drug conjugates, inorganic scaffolds, and hybrid nanoparticles. While each of these nanoformulations has individual drawbacks, they are often superior to free GC in many aspects including therapeutic efficacy when tested in cell culture or animal models. Successful application of nanomedicines has been demonstrated in various models of neuroinflammatory diseases, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and several other disorders. Moreover, investigations using human cells and first clinical trials raise the hope that the new delivery vehicles may have the potential to make GC therapies more tolerable, specific and efficient in the future.
糖皮质激素（GC）是治疗慢性炎症和癌症最常用且用途广泛的药物类别之一，但副作用和耐药性限制了它们的使用。为了克服这些通常与游离GC在组织中均匀分布及其在生物流体中半衰期短相关的障碍，人们开发了新的给药载体，包括聚乙二醇化脂质体、聚合物胶束、聚合物-药物缀合物、无机支架和杂化纳米颗粒。虽然这些纳米制剂各自都有缺点，但在细胞培养或动物模型中进行测试时，它们在许多方面往往优于游离GC，包括治疗效果。纳米药物已在各种神经炎症性疾病、癌症、类风湿性关节炎和其他几种疾病模型中得到成功应用。此外，使用人类细胞的研究和首次临床试验带来了希望，即新的给药载体未来可能有潜力使GC疗法更具耐受性、特异性和有效性。
