Ranjbar Sheyda, Fatahi Yousef, Atyabi Fatemeh
Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.
Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1417614411, Iran.
J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2022 Jan;67:102899. doi: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102899. Epub 2021 Oct 4.
The inexorable coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with around 226 million people diagnosed and approximately 4.6 million deaths, is still moving toward more frightening statistics, calling for the urgent need to explore solutions for the current challenges in therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. The challenges associated with existing therapeutics in COVID-19 include lack of in vivo stability, efficacy, and safety. Nanoparticles (NPs) can offer a handful of tools to tackle these problems by enabling efficacious and safe delivery of both virus- and host-directed therapeutics. Furthermore, they can enable maximized clinical outcome while eliminating the chance of resistance to therapy by tissue-targeting and concomitant delivery of multiple therapeutics. The promising application of NPs as vaccine platforms is reflected by the major advances in developing novel COVID-19 vaccines. Two of the most critical COVID-19 vaccines are mRNA-based vaccines delivered via NPs, making them the first FDA-approved mRNA vaccines. Besides, NPs have been deployed as simple, rapid, and precise tools for point of care disease diagnosis. Not enough said NPs can also be exploited in novel ways to expedite the drug discovery process. In light of the above, this review discusses how NPs can overcome the hurdles associated with therapeutic and diagnostic approaches against COVID-19.
2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行无情肆虐，已确诊约2.26亿人，死亡人数约460万，且仍在朝着更可怕的数据发展，这迫切需要探索应对当前治疗和诊断方法挑战的解决方案。COVID-19现有治疗方法面临的挑战包括体内稳定性、疗效和安全性不足。纳米颗粒（NPs）可以提供一系列工具来解决这些问题，通过实现对病毒和宿主导向治疗药物的有效和安全递送。此外，它们可以实现最大的临床效果，同时通过组织靶向和多种治疗药物的协同递送消除产生治疗抗性的可能性。纳米颗粒作为疫苗平台的应用前景体现在新型COVID-19疫苗研发的重大进展上。两种最关键的COVID-19疫苗是通过纳米颗粒递送的基于mRNA的疫苗，使其成为首批获得美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）批准的mRNA疫苗。此外，纳米颗粒已被用作即时医疗疾病诊断的简单、快速和精确工具。更不用说纳米颗粒还可以以新的方式用于加速药物发现过程。鉴于上述情况，本综述讨论了纳米颗粒如何克服与COVID-19治疗和诊断方法相关的障碍。
