VanKoevering Kyle K, Malloy Kelly Michele
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 4000 Eye and Ear Institute, 915 Olentangy River Road, Columbus, OH 43212, USA.
Division of Head and Neck Oncology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, 1904 Taubman Center, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, SPC 5312, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5312, USA.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2017 Oct;50(5):947-958. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2017.05.006. Epub 2017 Aug 31.
Simulation is rapidly expanding across medicine as a valuable component of trainee education. For procedural simulation, development of low-cost simulators that allow a realistic, haptic experience for learners to practice maneuvers while appreciating anatomy has become highly valuable. Otolaryngology has seen significant advancements in development of improved, specialty-specific simulators with the expansion of three-dimensional (3D) printing. This article highlights the fundamental components of 3D printing and the multitude of subspecialty simulators that have been developed with the assistance of 3D printing. It briefly discusses important considerations such as cost, fidelity, and validation where available in the literature.
模拟作为学员教育的一个重要组成部分，正在医学领域迅速扩展。对于程序模拟而言，开发低成本模拟器变得非常有价值，这些模拟器能为学习者提供逼真的触觉体验，使其在练习操作的同时了解解剖结构。随着三维（3D）打印技术的发展，耳鼻咽喉科在开发改进的、特定专科模拟器方面取得了显著进展。本文重点介绍了3D打印的基本组成部分，以及在3D打印技术辅助下开发的众多亚专科模拟器。文中还简要讨论了文献中涉及的成本、逼真度和验证等重要考量因素。
